NR 565 (Advanced Pharmacology) FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION CHAMBERLAIN

NR 565 (Advanced Pharmacology) FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION CHAMBERLAIN 1. Bacterostatic - ANSWER kills the bacteria 2. bacteriocidal - ANSWER kills the bacteria and stops the growth or spread of the infection 3. Bacteriostatic drugs - ANSWER clindamycin macrolides sulfonamides tetracyclines 4. Bactericidal drugs - ANSWER ahminoglycosides beta-lactums fluroquinolones Metronidazole Streptogramins vancomycin 5. anti-microbial resistance - ANSWER 1.) not knowing if the pt had recent use of antibiotics 2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics 3.) not performing susceptibility testing 4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years 5.) Daycare center attendance 6.) Exposure to young children 7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities 8.) Immunosuppression 6. subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS - ANSWER natural PCNS aminopenicillins anti-staphylococcal PCNs extended Spectrum PCNs 7. Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs - ANSWER inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam ring) 8. Laxatives are contraindicated in - ANSWER N/v undiagnosed abd pain bowel obstruction Renal dysfunction (Mg hydroxide) 9. laxative precautions - ANSWER abuse and dependency cathartic colon=ulcerative colitis tartrazine sensitivity=allergic reactions=asthma 10. Cytoprotective agents - ANSWER sucralfate (Carafate) misprostol (Cytotec); tx Peptic ulcers caused by NSAID use 11. Clinical Pearl for polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution - ANSWER salty taste; place on ice in Basin; drink 240 ml/10 mins; tic tac or hard candy reduces salty taste 12. Sucralfate (Carafate) - ANSWER Adheres to injured gastric ulcers upon contact with gastric acids; . Used for gastric and duodenal ulcers and GERD. Administer on an empty stomach at least one hour before meals and at HS and do not administer within 30 minutes of antacids.; use for 8 weeks 13. Misprostol (Cytotec) - ANSWER inhibits gastric secretion, mucosal protection; analog of prostaglandin E1; prophylaxis for duodenal ulcers due to NSAIDS or for those that must use NSAIDS; only take during NSAID therapy!; take with food 14. Cytoprotective Agents Side Effects - ANSWER Carafate=constipation misoprostol=diarrhea, menstrual problems 15. Misoprostol precautions - ANSWER pregnancy category X; Caution with renal impairment; 16. Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWER Face is pale, puffy, and expressionless. Skin is cold and dry. hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs. Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and intolerance to cold. Mentation may be impaired. 17. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Heart Rate is Rapid; Possible arrhythmia/angina Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in increased heat production, increased body temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is warm and moist Weight loss occurs if caloric intake fails to match the increase in metabolic rate 18. Severe hypothyroidism - ANSWER Myxedema 19. Hypothyroid Treatment - ANSWER Levothyroxine is the drug of choice for most patients who require thyroid hormone replacement. 20. Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Therapeutic Goal - ANSWER Resolution of signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and restoration of normal laboratory values for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). 21. Major forms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Graves disease and toxic nodular goiter (also known as Plummer disease). 22. Graves Disease - ANSWER Most common cause of excessive thyroid hormone secretion 23. What adjunctive therapy is good to prescribe to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism other than thyroid specific medications? - ANSWER β Blockers and nonradioactive iodine may be used as adjunctive therapy. β-Blockers suppress tachycardia by blocking β-receptors on the heart. Nonradioactive iodine inhibits synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. 24. Monitoring needs and intervals for Levothyroxine - ANSWER Check TSH 6-8 weeks after initiating therapy and after any dosage change. Check TSH at least once a year after serum TSH is stabilized. 25. Hyperthyroid Treatment - ANSWER thionamide drugs—methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)—suppress synthesis of thyroid hormones. 26. Methimazole Therapeutic Goal - ANSWER (1) reduction of thyroid hormone production in Graves' disease, (2) control of hyperthyroidism until the effects of radiation on the thyroid become manifest, (3) suppression of thyroid hormone production before subtotal thyroidectomy, (4) treatment of thyrotoxic crisis. 27. Monitoring needs and intervals for Methimazole - ANSWER Check CBC with differential if signs or symptoms of infection. Check LFTs if signs or symptoms of liver dysfunction. 28. High Risk Patients for Methimazole - ANSWER Should be avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy. 29. Methimazole Toxicity - ANSWER Agranulocytosis is the most dangerous toxicity. 30. PTU High Risk Warning - ANSWER Carries a risk for liver toxicity. Although rare, the FDA recommends against using as a first-line treatment due to potential for hepatic toxicity. 31. Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on offspring and appropriate patient teaching related to need for treatment. - ANSWER Can cause delay in mental development and derangement of growth. In the absence of thyroid hormones, the child develops a large and protruding tongue, potbelly, and dwarfish stature. Development of the nervous system, bones, teeth, and muscles is impaired.