NURS 5462 COMPILED FINAL STUDY
GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE OLDER US POPULATION.
Answer: Half of people ≥65 yr live in 10 states, led by California,
Florida, Texas, and New York • Older adults disproportionately live in
urban or suburban areas ➢ Just 1 in 5 lives in a non-metropolitan area.
Between 2014 and 2050: ➢ The proportion of adults 65 yr who are
minorities will almost double, from 22% to 39%
⩥ SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (1 of 2).
Answer: • About 10% of older adults are poor ― income below the
federal poverty level • About 41.4 million older adults are enrolled in
Medicare • About 2.8 million older adults are enrolled in both Medicare
and Medicaid.
⩥ LIVING ARRANGEMENTS.
Answer: Approximately 57.4% of older adults live with a spouse •
Living arrangements vary dramatically by age, gender, and
race/ethnicity subgroups ➢ For example, older women are nearly twice
as likely as older men to live alone (35.4% vs. 19.2% in 2014).
⩥ LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH.
,Answer: 1 Diseases of heart 489,722 2 Malignant neoplasms 413,885 3
Chronic lower respiratory disease 124,693 4 Cerebrovascular diseases
113,308 5 Alzheimer disease 92,604
⩥ NURSING HOMES.
Answer: In 2014, 1.3 million Americans lived in nursing homes • The
nursing home population has become older and more disable
⩥ OVERVIEW OF THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT (ACA) (1 of 2).
Answer: The ACA established the Center for Medicare & Medicaid
Innovation (CMI), CMI has been tasked with developing, testing, and
supporting new delivery models to increase coordination of care and
improve quality, along with new payment systems to encourage more
value-based care and move away from fee-for-service payment
⩥ ACCOUNTABLE CARE ORGANIZATIONS (.
Answer: • Goal of coordinated care: Ensure that Medicare beneficiaries,
especially the chronically ill, get the right care at the right time, while
avoiding unnecessary duplication of services and preventing medical
errors • ACOs are able to share in the cost-savings it achieves for the
Medicare program (get some savings back)
⩥ Medicare offers the following ACO programs:.
Answer: ➢ Medicare Shared Savings Program: Helps Medicare fee-
forservice program providers become an ACO ➢ Advance Payment
,ACO Model: Supplementary incentive program for selected participants
in the Shared Savings Program ➢ Pioneer ACO Model: Designed for
early adopters of coordinated care
⩥ Fee For Service (FFS) Model:.
Answer: Medicare makes separate payments to providers for each
service they perform for beneficiaries during a single illness or course of
treatment ➢ Results in fragmented care with minimal coordination
across providers and health care settings ➢ Rewards quantity of
services, rather than quality
⩥ Bundled Payments for Care Improvement.
Answer: Aligns incentives for providers (hospitals, post-acute care
providers, physicians, and other practitioners) ➢ Allows providers to
work closely together across all specialties and settings ➢ Introduced in
2013, by CMS to provide higher quality and more coordinated care at a
lower cost to Medicare, consists of 4 payment models focused on
financial and performance accountability for episodes of care
⩥ BUNDLED PAYMENT MODELS.
Answer: Services included in the bundle All Part A services paid as part
of the MSDRG payment All nonhospice Part A and B services during the
initial inpatient stay, postacute period, and readmissions All nonhospice
Part A and B services during the postacute period and readmissions All
nonhospice Part A and B services (including the hospital and physician)
during initial inpatient stay and readmissions
, ⩥ MEDICARE BASICS.
Answer: Federal insurance program run by the Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid Services (CMS) • Pays for acute health care provided to
Americans who are ages 65+, disabled, or suffering from end-stage renal
disease • As originally enacted, comprises 2 FFS plans (Parts A and B),
each of which pays predetermined amounts for specified health-related
goods and services • More than 47 million Americans (15% of the US
population) are covered by both plans
⩥ MEDICARE PART A.
Answer: Coverage • Hospital, skilled nursing home, home-health, and
hospice services
Does Not Cover • Routine dental or foot care, hearing aids, eyeglasses,
orthopedic shoes, cosmetic surgery, care in foreign countries, or
custodial long-term care at home or in nursing homes. Deductible for
Part A : $1288 per benefit period, ie, the first 60 days following an
admission, every hospitalization
⩥ MEDICARE PART B.
Answer: Coverage Physicians, nurse practitioners, social workers,
psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, home-care agencies, ambulances,
outpatient facilities, laboratory and imaging facilities, and suppliers of
durable medical equipment
GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE OLDER US POPULATION.
Answer: Half of people ≥65 yr live in 10 states, led by California,
Florida, Texas, and New York • Older adults disproportionately live in
urban or suburban areas ➢ Just 1 in 5 lives in a non-metropolitan area.
Between 2014 and 2050: ➢ The proportion of adults 65 yr who are
minorities will almost double, from 22% to 39%
⩥ SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (1 of 2).
Answer: • About 10% of older adults are poor ― income below the
federal poverty level • About 41.4 million older adults are enrolled in
Medicare • About 2.8 million older adults are enrolled in both Medicare
and Medicaid.
⩥ LIVING ARRANGEMENTS.
Answer: Approximately 57.4% of older adults live with a spouse •
Living arrangements vary dramatically by age, gender, and
race/ethnicity subgroups ➢ For example, older women are nearly twice
as likely as older men to live alone (35.4% vs. 19.2% in 2014).
⩥ LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH.
,Answer: 1 Diseases of heart 489,722 2 Malignant neoplasms 413,885 3
Chronic lower respiratory disease 124,693 4 Cerebrovascular diseases
113,308 5 Alzheimer disease 92,604
⩥ NURSING HOMES.
Answer: In 2014, 1.3 million Americans lived in nursing homes • The
nursing home population has become older and more disable
⩥ OVERVIEW OF THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT (ACA) (1 of 2).
Answer: The ACA established the Center for Medicare & Medicaid
Innovation (CMI), CMI has been tasked with developing, testing, and
supporting new delivery models to increase coordination of care and
improve quality, along with new payment systems to encourage more
value-based care and move away from fee-for-service payment
⩥ ACCOUNTABLE CARE ORGANIZATIONS (.
Answer: • Goal of coordinated care: Ensure that Medicare beneficiaries,
especially the chronically ill, get the right care at the right time, while
avoiding unnecessary duplication of services and preventing medical
errors • ACOs are able to share in the cost-savings it achieves for the
Medicare program (get some savings back)
⩥ Medicare offers the following ACO programs:.
Answer: ➢ Medicare Shared Savings Program: Helps Medicare fee-
forservice program providers become an ACO ➢ Advance Payment
,ACO Model: Supplementary incentive program for selected participants
in the Shared Savings Program ➢ Pioneer ACO Model: Designed for
early adopters of coordinated care
⩥ Fee For Service (FFS) Model:.
Answer: Medicare makes separate payments to providers for each
service they perform for beneficiaries during a single illness or course of
treatment ➢ Results in fragmented care with minimal coordination
across providers and health care settings ➢ Rewards quantity of
services, rather than quality
⩥ Bundled Payments for Care Improvement.
Answer: Aligns incentives for providers (hospitals, post-acute care
providers, physicians, and other practitioners) ➢ Allows providers to
work closely together across all specialties and settings ➢ Introduced in
2013, by CMS to provide higher quality and more coordinated care at a
lower cost to Medicare, consists of 4 payment models focused on
financial and performance accountability for episodes of care
⩥ BUNDLED PAYMENT MODELS.
Answer: Services included in the bundle All Part A services paid as part
of the MSDRG payment All nonhospice Part A and B services during the
initial inpatient stay, postacute period, and readmissions All nonhospice
Part A and B services during the postacute period and readmissions All
nonhospice Part A and B services (including the hospital and physician)
during initial inpatient stay and readmissions
, ⩥ MEDICARE BASICS.
Answer: Federal insurance program run by the Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid Services (CMS) • Pays for acute health care provided to
Americans who are ages 65+, disabled, or suffering from end-stage renal
disease • As originally enacted, comprises 2 FFS plans (Parts A and B),
each of which pays predetermined amounts for specified health-related
goods and services • More than 47 million Americans (15% of the US
population) are covered by both plans
⩥ MEDICARE PART A.
Answer: Coverage • Hospital, skilled nursing home, home-health, and
hospice services
Does Not Cover • Routine dental or foot care, hearing aids, eyeglasses,
orthopedic shoes, cosmetic surgery, care in foreign countries, or
custodial long-term care at home or in nursing homes. Deductible for
Part A : $1288 per benefit period, ie, the first 60 days following an
admission, every hospitalization
⩥ MEDICARE PART B.
Answer: Coverage Physicians, nurse practitioners, social workers,
psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, home-care agencies, ambulances,
outpatient facilities, laboratory and imaging facilities, and suppliers of
durable medical equipment
