A therapist using Beck's cognitive approach to therapy would rely primarily on which michroskill
to induce desirable changes in a depressed client - ✔✔✔-Questioning - a very important
strategy in Beck's cognitive therapy and, in fact, the majority of communications by the
therapist take the form of questions designed to help the client consider particular issues,
options, and so on.
absence seizures - ✔✔✔-Absence or Petit Mal Seizures are very brief (30 seconds or less) and
are characterized by minimal motor activity and a lack of awareness. Absence seizures usually
begin in childhood and most outgrow the condition by adulthood. Researchers believe that
absence seizures originate in the thalamus (the central relay station for sensory information
going to the cortex).
AIDS dementia complex - ✔✔✔-cognitive impairment associated with HIV.
-occurs in about 2/3 of all AIDS patients. Usually, one of the first cognitive signs of dementia
(both in AIDS and non-AIDS patients) is a loss of concentration and a mild memory loss,
especially for recent events.
Alderian - ✔✔✔-For Adlerians, a desire to belong is a primary motivator of behavior, but this
desire may be channeled into the mistaken goals of power, attention, inadequacy, or revenge.,
Feelings of inferiority contribute to problems in children and adults
Teological approach-behavior is shaped by future goals (NOT the past)
Innate social interest motivates people, ways to fulfill social responsibility
Key Concepts:
Inferiority feelings
Striving for superiority
Style of Life
Social Interest
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Inferiority feeling develop during childhood while striving for superiority. Ways a person tries to
compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority determines one's style of life
Personality is determined by age 46
Three major life tasks could be:
o Love
o Friendship
o Occupation
focus on prevention
Alzheimer's is related to under production of - ✔✔✔-acetylcholine
Beck's cognitive therapy - ✔✔✔-A type of cognitive therapy developed by Aaron Beck in which
the therapist works to develop a warm relationship with the person and has the person
carefully consider the evidence for her beliefs in order to see the errors in her thinking
("collaborative empiricism").
-also emphasizes relatpse prevention, structure and goal-oriented
behavioral contrast effect - ✔✔✔-If we are reinforced for performing two different operants,
and reinforcement for one of these behaviors stops, we tend to increase the rate of the
remaining reinforced behavior. That is probably because the reinforcement that remains seems
to become more valuable.
blocking - ✔✔✔-Blocking occurs when a CS is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus
just before the US. Although it would seem that the second stimulus should acquire the
properties of a CS from this procedure, that's not what happens. Instead, the second stimulus
does not produce a conditioned response.
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brain basis of Parkinson's disease - ✔✔✔-basal ganglia
Broca's aphasia - ✔✔✔-Broca's aphasia is characterized by difficulty expressing language,
including difficulty repeating words just spoken and recalling the name of familiar objects
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model - ✔✔✔--microsystem: immediate environment, face-to-face
rx
(rx w/ parents, siblings, school, neighbors, etc)
-mesosystem: interactions btwn components of microsystem (influence of family on bx at
school)
-exosystem: broader environ that affects child's environ
(parents' workplace, school board, community, media)
-macrosystem: overarching environ influences
(cultural beliefs/practice, econ conditions, political ideologies)
-chronosystem: environ events over lifetime that impact them (immediate and LT effects of
change in family structure/ SES)
California Tarasoff Statute - ✔✔✔-gives clinicians explicit guidance about when a duty to act
arises and tells clinicians what actions fulfill their duty. The first Tarasoff decision established a
"duty to warn," however, the case was reheard several years later and the Tarasoff II decision
modified the duty to warn to a "duty to protect."
-"issues implicated by the Tarasoff case and its legal progeny account for a small percentage of
forensic cases."
Cannon-Bard (emotion theory) - ✔✔✔-Cannon-Bard (a.) states physiological and emotional
arousal are experienced at the same time.
-theory of emotion that says that a stimulus causes simultaneously psyiological arousal and the
subjective experience of an emotion