PORTAGE LEARNING A AND P 2 FINAL
EXAM 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL PREPARATION
RESOURCE ACCURATE CONTENT GRADED
A+
⩥ How does the resting potential become an action potential?.
Answer: when the membrane becomes depolarized
⩥ Phases of an action Potential.
Answer: 1) RESTING POTENTIAL (-70mV)
2) DEPOLARIZATION (Na+ ion channels open, Na+ rush into cell,
Membrane potential changes from -70mV to +40mV)
3) REPOLARIZATION (Na+ gates close and K+ gates open, K+ rushes
out of cell, high K+ outside cell and high Na+ inside cell)
4) Afterpolorization/HYPERPOLARIZATION (more K+ moved out
than was necessary); drops below -70mV before returning to resting
state
⩥ What enables action potentials to pass through the special lined
protein channels?.
Answer: Potassium & Sodium Gates
,⩥ What are potassium and sodium gates?.
Answer: - allows sodium or potassium to pass through
- these channels and their gates are voltage activated; to be able to open
or close; as protein respond to changes in voltage with changes in shape
⩥ How does the action potential travel?.
Answer: - cell body sends a signal and it travels down the entire length
of the axon
-
⩥ self-propagating.
Answer: Continuing without input from an outside source; action
potentials are self-propagating in that they move along axons by
sequentially opening and closing adjacent ion channels.
⩥ all-or-nothing response.
Answer: a neuron's reaction of either firing at full strength, or not firing.
⩥ How does the all-or-nothing response work?.
Answer: the cell body decides when it is going to send a signal
- if signal does not meet threshold, it will not send the signal which is
how we get failed initiations
- If it passes threshold it will trigger depolarization and that signals is
sent throughout the axon
, ⩥ How do we distinguish between the intensity of a sensation?.
Answer: distinguished by number of neurons and frequency with which
the neurons are stimulated
⩥ What's our intensity of sensation based on?.
Answer: number of neurons and how fast they are being stimulated;
Ex. if you were touched very lightly, there are very few neurons that
were stimulated and carried that signal so brain interprets as a very light
touch
- if you were touched harder, it will be interpreted as a heavier touch
- for frequency there is a deep pressure if you are being touched for a
long period of time
- if it's short then it's in a less intense response
⩥ How do action potentials transmit?.
Answer: electrochemical transmission
⩥ What is electrochemical transmission?.
Answer: transmission of nerve impulses that are both electrical and
chemical
- signal moves from electrical (through the neuron) to chemical
(synaptic) to electrical again once the signal reaches the next neuron
EXAM 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL PREPARATION
RESOURCE ACCURATE CONTENT GRADED
A+
⩥ How does the resting potential become an action potential?.
Answer: when the membrane becomes depolarized
⩥ Phases of an action Potential.
Answer: 1) RESTING POTENTIAL (-70mV)
2) DEPOLARIZATION (Na+ ion channels open, Na+ rush into cell,
Membrane potential changes from -70mV to +40mV)
3) REPOLARIZATION (Na+ gates close and K+ gates open, K+ rushes
out of cell, high K+ outside cell and high Na+ inside cell)
4) Afterpolorization/HYPERPOLARIZATION (more K+ moved out
than was necessary); drops below -70mV before returning to resting
state
⩥ What enables action potentials to pass through the special lined
protein channels?.
Answer: Potassium & Sodium Gates
,⩥ What are potassium and sodium gates?.
Answer: - allows sodium or potassium to pass through
- these channels and their gates are voltage activated; to be able to open
or close; as protein respond to changes in voltage with changes in shape
⩥ How does the action potential travel?.
Answer: - cell body sends a signal and it travels down the entire length
of the axon
-
⩥ self-propagating.
Answer: Continuing without input from an outside source; action
potentials are self-propagating in that they move along axons by
sequentially opening and closing adjacent ion channels.
⩥ all-or-nothing response.
Answer: a neuron's reaction of either firing at full strength, or not firing.
⩥ How does the all-or-nothing response work?.
Answer: the cell body decides when it is going to send a signal
- if signal does not meet threshold, it will not send the signal which is
how we get failed initiations
- If it passes threshold it will trigger depolarization and that signals is
sent throughout the axon
, ⩥ How do we distinguish between the intensity of a sensation?.
Answer: distinguished by number of neurons and frequency with which
the neurons are stimulated
⩥ What's our intensity of sensation based on?.
Answer: number of neurons and how fast they are being stimulated;
Ex. if you were touched very lightly, there are very few neurons that
were stimulated and carried that signal so brain interprets as a very light
touch
- if you were touched harder, it will be interpreted as a heavier touch
- for frequency there is a deep pressure if you are being touched for a
long period of time
- if it's short then it's in a less intense response
⩥ How do action potentials transmit?.
Answer: electrochemical transmission
⩥ What is electrochemical transmission?.
Answer: transmission of nerve impulses that are both electrical and
chemical
- signal moves from electrical (through the neuron) to chemical
(synaptic) to electrical again once the signal reaches the next neuron
