Exam Study Guide 2026 |
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, address block That part of a letter that indicates to whom the letter is addressed. The address
block is placed in the upper left-hand portion of the letter, above the salutation
(or reference line, if one is included).
ademption clause The revocation, recalling, or cancellation of a legacy, according to the apparent
intention of the testator, implied by the law from acts done by the testator during
the testator's life.
adjudication The act of resolving a controversy and rendering an order or decision based on
review of the evidence presented.
administrative agency A federal or state government agency established to perform a specific function.
Administrative agencies are authorized by legislative acts to make and enforce
rules relating to the purpose for which they were established.
administrative process The procedure used by administrative agencies in the administration of law.
administrative law A body of law created by administrative agencies in the form of rules, regulations,
orders, and decisions in order to carry out their duties and responsibilities.
administrative law judge (ALJ) One who presides over an administrative agency hearing and who has the power
to administer oaths, take testimony, rule on questions of evidence, and make
determinations otherwise authorized by law.
administrator A person appointed by a court to serve as a personal representative for a person
who died intestate (without a valid will) or if the executor named in the will cannot
serve.
adoption A procedure in which persons become the legal parents of a child who is not their
biological child.
adversarial system of justice A legal system in which the parties in a lawsuit are opponents, or adversaries, and
present their cases in the light most favorable to themselves. The impartial
decision maker (the judge or jury) determines who wins and who loses based on
the evidence presented.
adverse possession A process by which premises can change ownership. It is a common law concept
concerning the title to real property.
affidavit A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath or affirmation of the party
making it and made before a person having the authority to administer the oath or
affirmation.
affirm To uphold the judgment of a lower court.
affirmative defense A response to the plaintiff's claim that does not deny the plaintiff's facts but
attacks the plaintiff's legal right to bring an action.
agency A relationship between two persons in which one person (the agent) represents
or acts in the place of another (the principal).