TNCC ENA 9TH EDITION 2026 ACTUAL
TEST PAPER ANSWERS COMPLETE
GRADED A+
⩥ Early assessment findings of increased ICP include:.
Answer: - HEADACHE
- NAUSEA/VOMITING
- AMNESIA
- BEHAVIOR CHANGES (IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT,
RESTLESSNESS, DROWSINESS)
- ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS (
HYPO/HYPERAROUSABILITY)
Ch. 9, p. 109
⩥ Late assessment findings of increased ICP include:.
Answer: - DILATED, NON-REACTIVE PUPILS
- UNRESPONSIVENESS to verbal/painful stimuli
- ABNORMAL POSTURING
- CUSHING RESPONSE
Widening pulse pressure
Reflex bradycardia
,Decreased respiratory effort
Ch. 9, p. 109
⩥ Mastoid process ecchymooses.
Answer: Battles sign, indicates middle fossa fracture
Ch. 9, p. 113
⩥ What can you assess to ensure the brainstem is intact?.
Answer: EXTRAOCULAR EYE MOVEMENTS (EOMs) - tests
functions of CNs III, IV, and VI
In presence of facial fractures, the inability to perform EOMs may
indicate a trapped nerve
Ch. 9, p. 113
⩥ Describe FOCAL BRAIN INJURIES.
Answer: Occur in localized area with grossly observable and identifiable
brain lesions. They include...
- CEREBRAL CONTUSION
- INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA
,- EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
- SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
- HERNIATION SYNDROMES
Ch. 9, p. 113
⩥ Assessment findings of a INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - PROGRESSIVE, RAPID DECLINE IN LOC
- HEADACHE
- SIGNS OF INCREASING ICP
- PUPIL ABNORMALITIES
- CONTRALATERAL HEMIPARESIS
- HEMIPLEGIA
- ABNORMAL POSTURING
Ch. 9, p. 114
⩥ Assessment findings of a EPIDURAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - TRANSIENT LOC followed by lucid period lasting minutes
to hours
- HEADACHE, DIZZINESS
- NAUSEA, VOMITING
, - CONTRALATERAL HEMIPARESIS
- HEMIPLEGIA
- ABNORMAL MOTOR POSTURING (FLEXION/EXTENSION)
Extension is associated with brainstem HERNIATION and poor
outcomes
- IPSILATERAL UNILATERAL FIXED, DILATED PUPIL
- RAPID DETERIORATION IN NEURO STATUS
Ch. 9, p. 114
⩥ Assessment findings of an ACUTE SUBDURAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - SEVERE HEADACHE
- CHANGES IN LOC
- IPSILATERAL DILATED or NONREACTIVE PUPIL
- CONTRALATERAL HEMIPARESIS
Ch. 9, p. 114
⩥ Assessment findings of a CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - ALTERED or STEADY DECLINE IN LOC
- HEADACHE
- LOSS OF MEMORY or ALTERED REASONING
TEST PAPER ANSWERS COMPLETE
GRADED A+
⩥ Early assessment findings of increased ICP include:.
Answer: - HEADACHE
- NAUSEA/VOMITING
- AMNESIA
- BEHAVIOR CHANGES (IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT,
RESTLESSNESS, DROWSINESS)
- ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS (
HYPO/HYPERAROUSABILITY)
Ch. 9, p. 109
⩥ Late assessment findings of increased ICP include:.
Answer: - DILATED, NON-REACTIVE PUPILS
- UNRESPONSIVENESS to verbal/painful stimuli
- ABNORMAL POSTURING
- CUSHING RESPONSE
Widening pulse pressure
Reflex bradycardia
,Decreased respiratory effort
Ch. 9, p. 109
⩥ Mastoid process ecchymooses.
Answer: Battles sign, indicates middle fossa fracture
Ch. 9, p. 113
⩥ What can you assess to ensure the brainstem is intact?.
Answer: EXTRAOCULAR EYE MOVEMENTS (EOMs) - tests
functions of CNs III, IV, and VI
In presence of facial fractures, the inability to perform EOMs may
indicate a trapped nerve
Ch. 9, p. 113
⩥ Describe FOCAL BRAIN INJURIES.
Answer: Occur in localized area with grossly observable and identifiable
brain lesions. They include...
- CEREBRAL CONTUSION
- INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA
,- EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
- SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
- HERNIATION SYNDROMES
Ch. 9, p. 113
⩥ Assessment findings of a INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - PROGRESSIVE, RAPID DECLINE IN LOC
- HEADACHE
- SIGNS OF INCREASING ICP
- PUPIL ABNORMALITIES
- CONTRALATERAL HEMIPARESIS
- HEMIPLEGIA
- ABNORMAL POSTURING
Ch. 9, p. 114
⩥ Assessment findings of a EPIDURAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - TRANSIENT LOC followed by lucid period lasting minutes
to hours
- HEADACHE, DIZZINESS
- NAUSEA, VOMITING
, - CONTRALATERAL HEMIPARESIS
- HEMIPLEGIA
- ABNORMAL MOTOR POSTURING (FLEXION/EXTENSION)
Extension is associated with brainstem HERNIATION and poor
outcomes
- IPSILATERAL UNILATERAL FIXED, DILATED PUPIL
- RAPID DETERIORATION IN NEURO STATUS
Ch. 9, p. 114
⩥ Assessment findings of an ACUTE SUBDURAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - SEVERE HEADACHE
- CHANGES IN LOC
- IPSILATERAL DILATED or NONREACTIVE PUPIL
- CONTRALATERAL HEMIPARESIS
Ch. 9, p. 114
⩥ Assessment findings of a CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA.
Answer: - ALTERED or STEADY DECLINE IN LOC
- HEADACHE
- LOSS OF MEMORY or ALTERED REASONING
