Marine Resources Management
No need to remember formulas, they will be given. But important to know how they are build up and
understand.
Introduction
Different ways to look at fisheries as a
system
Also: nature – catch – effort – fishing
community – researcher
Natural (eco)system, human system,
management system
Framework of analysis of resource use
problems
Lecture 1
66 large marine ecosystems in the world
,Ecosystems are being
exploited by fisheries. There is
a catch due to these fisheries.
The highest catches are within
the coastal regions. E.g. in
North-Sea.
Exclusive economic zones (EEZ)
Boundaries:
- Ecological boundaries (physical, ecosystem)
o Coral reef & lobsters vs. pacific ocean & tuna
- Exploitation boundaries (fishing grounds)
o Small-scale hand-line fishery vs. large scale purse seine fishery both targeting
Yellowfin tuna
- Administrative/institutional boundaries
o Local community-based management fishery vs. supranational fisheries management
organisation
▪ E.g. WCPFC managing tuna stocks, EU quota management North Sea
fisheries
Mismatches often occur between these boundaries
- Economic, socio-cultural, ecological, administrative
- Solution
o Nesting of local to international management
o To address allocation issues – e.g. EU Fisheries management
o Allocation – who is allowed to catch what, when , where and how much
Example: tuna swimming from one administrative boundary to another. It becomes the ‘property’ of
another country.
Small scale fishery in Maluku (Indonesia): on tuna. Dolphins appear near tuna. Fisherman look for
tuna and then fish with rod.
,Other small scale fishery: fishing rods on industrial level. Twenty people with fishing rods on boat.
Life bait thrown into the water.
Largest tuna fishing vessel: enormous net. Purse seine.
Length of 2km and 200 meters deep.
Purse seine:
Conflict of interest: Indonesia and Philippines
mainly catch smaller fish. Purse seine catch
larger fish ‘waste to catch smaller fish’
Tuna is covering whole Atlantic ocean.
Problems:
, Marine captures:
- 1950-1970: 3 fold increase
- 1970-1990: 1.5 fold increase
- 1990-present: constant
Mainly caught in coastal areas and upwelling regions
Increase of overexploited stocks ~30%
% of MSY stocks stable ~60%
Decrease of underexploited stocks ~10%
Where are the problems?
- Real problems in Atlantic, Mediterranean (Europe, North America) and Southwest Pacific
(Americas)
Major challenges:
- Information
o Over/underreporting, discards
o Ecosystem approach: community vs. population
o Maybe we don’t know how much fish is being caught
- Structural changes: fishing down, truncation size structure
- Trade offs
o Biodiversity vs production
o Large scale vs small scale
o Wealth vs welfare
- Rebuilding stocks, management systems
o Market driven approaches -role consumers
- Spatial management, interactions human use
o Not only humans use the oceans
No need to remember formulas, they will be given. But important to know how they are build up and
understand.
Introduction
Different ways to look at fisheries as a
system
Also: nature – catch – effort – fishing
community – researcher
Natural (eco)system, human system,
management system
Framework of analysis of resource use
problems
Lecture 1
66 large marine ecosystems in the world
,Ecosystems are being
exploited by fisheries. There is
a catch due to these fisheries.
The highest catches are within
the coastal regions. E.g. in
North-Sea.
Exclusive economic zones (EEZ)
Boundaries:
- Ecological boundaries (physical, ecosystem)
o Coral reef & lobsters vs. pacific ocean & tuna
- Exploitation boundaries (fishing grounds)
o Small-scale hand-line fishery vs. large scale purse seine fishery both targeting
Yellowfin tuna
- Administrative/institutional boundaries
o Local community-based management fishery vs. supranational fisheries management
organisation
▪ E.g. WCPFC managing tuna stocks, EU quota management North Sea
fisheries
Mismatches often occur between these boundaries
- Economic, socio-cultural, ecological, administrative
- Solution
o Nesting of local to international management
o To address allocation issues – e.g. EU Fisheries management
o Allocation – who is allowed to catch what, when , where and how much
Example: tuna swimming from one administrative boundary to another. It becomes the ‘property’ of
another country.
Small scale fishery in Maluku (Indonesia): on tuna. Dolphins appear near tuna. Fisherman look for
tuna and then fish with rod.
,Other small scale fishery: fishing rods on industrial level. Twenty people with fishing rods on boat.
Life bait thrown into the water.
Largest tuna fishing vessel: enormous net. Purse seine.
Length of 2km and 200 meters deep.
Purse seine:
Conflict of interest: Indonesia and Philippines
mainly catch smaller fish. Purse seine catch
larger fish ‘waste to catch smaller fish’
Tuna is covering whole Atlantic ocean.
Problems:
, Marine captures:
- 1950-1970: 3 fold increase
- 1970-1990: 1.5 fold increase
- 1990-present: constant
Mainly caught in coastal areas and upwelling regions
Increase of overexploited stocks ~30%
% of MSY stocks stable ~60%
Decrease of underexploited stocks ~10%
Where are the problems?
- Real problems in Atlantic, Mediterranean (Europe, North America) and Southwest Pacific
(Americas)
Major challenges:
- Information
o Over/underreporting, discards
o Ecosystem approach: community vs. population
o Maybe we don’t know how much fish is being caught
- Structural changes: fishing down, truncation size structure
- Trade offs
o Biodiversity vs production
o Large scale vs small scale
o Wealth vs welfare
- Rebuilding stocks, management systems
o Market driven approaches -role consumers
- Spatial management, interactions human use
o Not only humans use the oceans
