MN 551 MIDTERM II FINAL PAPER 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTION UPDATED
◉ A 24-year-old woman presents with fever and painful, swollen
cervical lymph nodes. Her blood work indicates neutrophilia with a
shift to the left. She most likely has:
Answer: A severe bacterial infection
◉ Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an
aspect of lymphatic system activity?
Answer: B and T lymphocyte development begins in the bone
marrow and ends in the peripheral lymphoid structures.
◉ A 22-year-old female who adheres to a vegan diet has been
diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following
components of her diagnostic blood work would be most likely to
necessitate further investigation?
Answer: Decreased erythropoietin levels
◉ A 44-year-old female patient presents to the emergency
department with abnormal bleeding and abdominal pain that is later
attributed to gallbladder disease. Which of the following diagnoses
would the medical team be most justified in suspecting as a cause of
the patient's bleeding?
,Answer: Vitamin K deficiency
◉ A nurse practitioner student is familiarizing herself with the
overnight admissions to an acute medical unit of a university
hospital. Which of the following patients would the student
recognize as being least likely to have a diagnosis of
antiphospholipid syndrome in his or her medical history?
Answer: A 21-year-old male with a diagnosis of cellulitis and
suspected endocarditis secondary to intravenous drug use
◉ A 30-year-old man has spent 5 hours on a cross-country flight
seated next to a passenger who has been sneezing and coughing, and
the man has been inhaling viral particles periodically. Which of the
following situations would most likely result in the stimulation of
the man's T lymphocytes and adaptive immune system?
Question options:
A. Presentation of a foreign antigen by a familiar immunoglobulin
B.Recognition of a foreign MHC molecule
D.Cytokine stimulation of a T lymphocyte with macrophage or
dendritic cell mediation
Answer:
,◉ A nurse practitioner is explaining to a 40-year-old male patient
the damage that Mycobacterium tuberculosis could do to lung tissue.
Which of the following phenomena would underlie the nurse
practitioner's explanation?
Answer: Macrophages are unable to digest the bacteria, resulting in
immune granulomas.
◉ A 2-year-old girl has had repeated ear and upper respiratory tract
infections since she was born. A pediatrician has determined a
diagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. What is
the physiological origin of the child's recurrent infections?
Answer: Antibody production by plasma cells is compromised
because of impaired communication between B and T cells.
◉ A 14-year-old boy has been diagnosed with infectious
mononucleosis. Which of the following pathophysiological
phenomena is most responsible for his symptoms?
Answer: Viruses are killing some of his B cells and becoming
incorporated into the genomes of others.
◉ Which of the following situations related to the transition from
fetal to perinatal circulation would be most likely to necessitate
medical intervention?
, Answer: Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle
regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the
infant's first week.
◉ A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied
left ventricle, normal chamber volume, and a normal ejection
fraction from the heart. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Aortic valve stenosis
◉ An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a
history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for
the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is
observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's
condition?
Answer: Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no
valves at the point of entry into the heart.
◉ As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a
complex history of cardiovascular disease, the care team has
identified the need for a record of the electrical activity of his heart,
insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and physical
measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the following
series of tests is most likely to provide the needed data for his
diagnosis and care?
Answer: Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTION UPDATED
◉ A 24-year-old woman presents with fever and painful, swollen
cervical lymph nodes. Her blood work indicates neutrophilia with a
shift to the left. She most likely has:
Answer: A severe bacterial infection
◉ Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an
aspect of lymphatic system activity?
Answer: B and T lymphocyte development begins in the bone
marrow and ends in the peripheral lymphoid structures.
◉ A 22-year-old female who adheres to a vegan diet has been
diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following
components of her diagnostic blood work would be most likely to
necessitate further investigation?
Answer: Decreased erythropoietin levels
◉ A 44-year-old female patient presents to the emergency
department with abnormal bleeding and abdominal pain that is later
attributed to gallbladder disease. Which of the following diagnoses
would the medical team be most justified in suspecting as a cause of
the patient's bleeding?
,Answer: Vitamin K deficiency
◉ A nurse practitioner student is familiarizing herself with the
overnight admissions to an acute medical unit of a university
hospital. Which of the following patients would the student
recognize as being least likely to have a diagnosis of
antiphospholipid syndrome in his or her medical history?
Answer: A 21-year-old male with a diagnosis of cellulitis and
suspected endocarditis secondary to intravenous drug use
◉ A 30-year-old man has spent 5 hours on a cross-country flight
seated next to a passenger who has been sneezing and coughing, and
the man has been inhaling viral particles periodically. Which of the
following situations would most likely result in the stimulation of
the man's T lymphocytes and adaptive immune system?
Question options:
A. Presentation of a foreign antigen by a familiar immunoglobulin
B.Recognition of a foreign MHC molecule
D.Cytokine stimulation of a T lymphocyte with macrophage or
dendritic cell mediation
Answer:
,◉ A nurse practitioner is explaining to a 40-year-old male patient
the damage that Mycobacterium tuberculosis could do to lung tissue.
Which of the following phenomena would underlie the nurse
practitioner's explanation?
Answer: Macrophages are unable to digest the bacteria, resulting in
immune granulomas.
◉ A 2-year-old girl has had repeated ear and upper respiratory tract
infections since she was born. A pediatrician has determined a
diagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. What is
the physiological origin of the child's recurrent infections?
Answer: Antibody production by plasma cells is compromised
because of impaired communication between B and T cells.
◉ A 14-year-old boy has been diagnosed with infectious
mononucleosis. Which of the following pathophysiological
phenomena is most responsible for his symptoms?
Answer: Viruses are killing some of his B cells and becoming
incorporated into the genomes of others.
◉ Which of the following situations related to the transition from
fetal to perinatal circulation would be most likely to necessitate
medical intervention?
, Answer: Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle
regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the
infant's first week.
◉ A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied
left ventricle, normal chamber volume, and a normal ejection
fraction from the heart. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Aortic valve stenosis
◉ An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a
history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for
the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is
observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's
condition?
Answer: Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no
valves at the point of entry into the heart.
◉ As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a
complex history of cardiovascular disease, the care team has
identified the need for a record of the electrical activity of his heart,
insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and physical
measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the following
series of tests is most likely to provide the needed data for his
diagnosis and care?
Answer: Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
