Liberty University Nurs 115 -Final
Exam Questions with All Actual
Answers.
Homeostasis definition - Answer the ability of the body to respond and maintain stability
Negative feedback system - Answer regulates life processes and behaviors; ex: blood glucose
system
Stress - Answer the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called
stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Genera Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - Answer how the body reacts to stress; involves
consciousness (psychology), brain and CNS (neurology), immunology (and inflammation)
Adaptation - Answer the ability to respond to challenges of physical or psychological
homeostasis and the return to a balanced state
GAS system: Alarm - Answer initial stage as hypothalamus perceives stressor' release of
epi/norepi, pupils dilate, bronchodilation, increased HR and BP
GAS system: Resistance - Answer patients ability to fight stressor
GAS system: Recovery or Exhaustion - Answer patient either overcomes stressor, or
succumbs to it
Endogenous stressor - Answer something initiating the stress response from INSIDE the body
Exogenous stressor - Answer something initiating the stress response from OUTSIDE the
body; ex: temp
Eustress - Answer mild, brief, controlled stress (exercise, labor)
Distress - Answer severe, uncontrolled stress (no light at the end of the tunnel)
Stress Response (Sympathetic Nervous System) - Answer fight or flight; in the acute stress
response everything is elevated EXCEPT: GI/GU, inflammation, and immunity
,Glycogen - Answer stored glucose
Glucagon - Answer what is released to break down glycogen
glycogenolysis - Answer broken down glucose
gluconeogenesis - Answer the body breaks down fats/acid in order to create glucagon
Alpha 1 receptors - Answer vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction
Alpha 2 receptors - Answer renin release --> changes pressure
Beta 1 receptors - Answer stimulation of lypolysis, increased HR
Beta 2 receptors - Answer bronchodilation, lots of breakdown for energy
fluid = volume = - Answer = pressure
Cortisol - Answer -from adrenal cortex
-promotes glyconeogenesis in liver, breakdown to produce energy
-puts 3 things on pause (GI/GU, inflammation, immunity)
Factors that impact response to stress - Answer age, time/adaption, health status, nutrition,
sleep/wake cycle, genetics
Hardiness - Answer someone with a sense of control over the environment and purpose in
life; views stressors as challenges rather than threats
Acute stress - Answer <6 months
Chronic stress - Answer >6 months
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Answer chronic activation of the stress response due
to experiencing a potentially life-threatening event
, S&S of PTSD - Answer -intrusion: nightmares, daymares, flashbacks
-avoidance: relational, standoffish
-hyper-arousal: extreme levels of anger, frustration, irritability, depression
--> patient has these three symptoms for 1 month to the degree that it effects their normal lives
Thermoregulation - Answer job of the hypothalamus; it is the balance of heat created by by
organs and what the body is able to lose as heat
methods of heat loss: radiation - Answer loss of heat due to temperature of atmosphere
methods of heat loss: conduction - Answer loosing (or gaining) heat through touch
methods of heat loss: convection - Answer heat loss from movement of air (wind chill)
methods of heat loss: evaporation - Answer the evaporation of water off the skin cools body
temp
methods of obtaining a core temperature - Answer -rectal (ex: 100)
-oral (ex: 99 - always 1 less than rectal)
-auxiliary (ex: 98)
Pyrogen "fire-makers" - Answer exogenous or endogenous substances that produce fever //
exogenous pyrogens induce host cells to produce fever-producing mediators
Patterns of Fever: Intermittent - Answer temp returns to normal at least once every 24 hours
Patterns of Fever: Remittent - Answer temperature does not return to normal and varies in
either direction
Patterns of Fever: Sustained or Continuous - Answer temperature remains above normal
with minimal variations
Patterns of Fever: Recurring or Relapsing - Answer there is one or more episodes of fever as
long as several days with one or more days of normal temperature between episodes (seen in
malaria)
Stages of Fever/Illness - Answer 1) prodrome - mild headache, fatigue, malaria, fleeting pains
Exam Questions with All Actual
Answers.
Homeostasis definition - Answer the ability of the body to respond and maintain stability
Negative feedback system - Answer regulates life processes and behaviors; ex: blood glucose
system
Stress - Answer the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called
stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Genera Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - Answer how the body reacts to stress; involves
consciousness (psychology), brain and CNS (neurology), immunology (and inflammation)
Adaptation - Answer the ability to respond to challenges of physical or psychological
homeostasis and the return to a balanced state
GAS system: Alarm - Answer initial stage as hypothalamus perceives stressor' release of
epi/norepi, pupils dilate, bronchodilation, increased HR and BP
GAS system: Resistance - Answer patients ability to fight stressor
GAS system: Recovery or Exhaustion - Answer patient either overcomes stressor, or
succumbs to it
Endogenous stressor - Answer something initiating the stress response from INSIDE the body
Exogenous stressor - Answer something initiating the stress response from OUTSIDE the
body; ex: temp
Eustress - Answer mild, brief, controlled stress (exercise, labor)
Distress - Answer severe, uncontrolled stress (no light at the end of the tunnel)
Stress Response (Sympathetic Nervous System) - Answer fight or flight; in the acute stress
response everything is elevated EXCEPT: GI/GU, inflammation, and immunity
,Glycogen - Answer stored glucose
Glucagon - Answer what is released to break down glycogen
glycogenolysis - Answer broken down glucose
gluconeogenesis - Answer the body breaks down fats/acid in order to create glucagon
Alpha 1 receptors - Answer vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction
Alpha 2 receptors - Answer renin release --> changes pressure
Beta 1 receptors - Answer stimulation of lypolysis, increased HR
Beta 2 receptors - Answer bronchodilation, lots of breakdown for energy
fluid = volume = - Answer = pressure
Cortisol - Answer -from adrenal cortex
-promotes glyconeogenesis in liver, breakdown to produce energy
-puts 3 things on pause (GI/GU, inflammation, immunity)
Factors that impact response to stress - Answer age, time/adaption, health status, nutrition,
sleep/wake cycle, genetics
Hardiness - Answer someone with a sense of control over the environment and purpose in
life; views stressors as challenges rather than threats
Acute stress - Answer <6 months
Chronic stress - Answer >6 months
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Answer chronic activation of the stress response due
to experiencing a potentially life-threatening event
, S&S of PTSD - Answer -intrusion: nightmares, daymares, flashbacks
-avoidance: relational, standoffish
-hyper-arousal: extreme levels of anger, frustration, irritability, depression
--> patient has these three symptoms for 1 month to the degree that it effects their normal lives
Thermoregulation - Answer job of the hypothalamus; it is the balance of heat created by by
organs and what the body is able to lose as heat
methods of heat loss: radiation - Answer loss of heat due to temperature of atmosphere
methods of heat loss: conduction - Answer loosing (or gaining) heat through touch
methods of heat loss: convection - Answer heat loss from movement of air (wind chill)
methods of heat loss: evaporation - Answer the evaporation of water off the skin cools body
temp
methods of obtaining a core temperature - Answer -rectal (ex: 100)
-oral (ex: 99 - always 1 less than rectal)
-auxiliary (ex: 98)
Pyrogen "fire-makers" - Answer exogenous or endogenous substances that produce fever //
exogenous pyrogens induce host cells to produce fever-producing mediators
Patterns of Fever: Intermittent - Answer temp returns to normal at least once every 24 hours
Patterns of Fever: Remittent - Answer temperature does not return to normal and varies in
either direction
Patterns of Fever: Sustained or Continuous - Answer temperature remains above normal
with minimal variations
Patterns of Fever: Recurring or Relapsing - Answer there is one or more episodes of fever as
long as several days with one or more days of normal temperature between episodes (seen in
malaria)
Stages of Fever/Illness - Answer 1) prodrome - mild headache, fatigue, malaria, fleeting pains
