Nurs 115 Test 1- Liberty university
Questions and All Actual Answers.
What is Eustress? - Answer Good stress
What is the definition of stress according to Walter cannon - Answer The ability to respond
and maintain stability physiologically and psychologically during rapid changing conditions in the
internal and external environment
What is homeostasis? - Answer A regulating system
A steady state condition
Your body trying to keep in a constant state
What are examples of positive feedback systems? - Answer Clotting mechanism and women
giving birth
Which cells regulate glucose levels in the blood? - Answer Beta cells
What does homeostasis regulate? - Answer Regulate cellular functions
Regulate physical and psychological adaption in order to maintain the body's internal
environment
Negative feedback systems - regulate life processes, behaviors, integrate body sytems
Definition of stress - Answer A state manifested by symptoms that arise from coordinated
activation of the neuroendocrine and immune systems
Definition of Adaptation - Answer The ability to respond to challenges of physical or
psychological homeostasis and then return to a balanced state
3 stages of GAS - Answer Alarm
- RAS - creates a state of muscle tension
Resistance - Fight or flight
Exhaustion or recovery - depending on outcome of resistance
Endogenous stressors - Answer From inside: pregnancy, cancer, diabetes
,Exogenous stressors - Answer External forces: tuition, deadlines, over work
What hormone kicks everything into gear - Answer Epinephrine
Where is the locus Ceruleus located - Answer Brain stem
What is regulated through the Locus Ceruleus? - Answer Regulation of the ANS occurs
through the Locus Ceruleus. is the central integrating for ANS response to Stress
What hormone do neurons in the Locus Ceruleus produce? - Answer Norepinephrine
What is the LC-NE connected to and by what? - Answer The LC-NE system has afferent
pathways to the hypothalamus, limbic system (emotion), hippocampus (memory), and cerebral
cortex (thoughts, memories)
What does activation of the SNS mean for the medulla of the adrenal gland? - Answer The
adrenal gland releases epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines)
What receptors are stimulated by the SNS? - Answer Alpha1 and alpha 2 adrenergic
receptors and Beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors
Alpha 1 receptors do what? - Answer Increased glycogenolysis, smooth muscle contraction
(blood vessels contract raising BP)
Alpha 2 receptors - Answer Increase renin release
Beta 1 receptors - Answer Stimulate lipolysis, increased heart rate, increased force of
contraction
Beta 2 receptors - Answer Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, increased glycogenolysis, and
increased muscle glycogenolysis
What are cortisol's effects - Answer Primary effect is to promote gluconeogensis in the liver
Suppresses the immune system
Works to ensure excess glucose is available during stress
What effect does cortisol have on the immune system? - Answer Decreases leukocytes
(white blood cells) at the site of inflammation or wound
, Cortisol stimulates lipolysis in the limbs and deposition around face and neck
Suppresses the immune system to conserve energy to focus on regaining balance against
stressor
What neuroendocrine responses to stress occur? - Answer Communication (increased
speed)
Cervral cortex (higher LOC)
Limbic system (get emotional when stressed)
Thalamus (hormones)
Hypothalamus (hormones)
Pituitary gland (master gland)
RAS (generates muscle tension and alertness)
What hormones does the hypothalamus and which ones are stored in the pituitary? - Answer
The hypothalamus secretes Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), Thyrotropin releasing
hormone (TRH), Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), Gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRH), Oxytocin, and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin and ADH are stored in the posterior pituitary gland
What follows the secretion of CRH? - Answer CRH causes the Ant. Pituitary to secrete
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenals to release Epi, NE,
mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids (cortisol), and Adrenal Sex Hormones (androgens)
What follows the secretion of TRH? - Answer TRH stimulates the ant. pituitary to secrete
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates the thyroid to create t3 and t4
What follows the secretion of GHRH? - Answer GHRH stimulates the ant. pituitary gland to
secrete Growth hormone (GH) which stimulates carbohydrate metabolism, and shrinkage of
adipose tissue.
GH also stimulates the liver to secrete IGF - 1 (insulin like growth factor) which int turn
stimulates growth in the bones, muscles, and body organs
What follows the secretion of GnRH? - Answer GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland
to secrete follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Lutenizing Hormone (LH), and prolactin
What effects does the SNS have on the rest of thee body? - Answer Cardiovascular - Increase
in BP and HR
Pulmonary - bronchodilation, tachypnea
Muscle - Muscles tense to get ready to fight or flight
Questions and All Actual Answers.
What is Eustress? - Answer Good stress
What is the definition of stress according to Walter cannon - Answer The ability to respond
and maintain stability physiologically and psychologically during rapid changing conditions in the
internal and external environment
What is homeostasis? - Answer A regulating system
A steady state condition
Your body trying to keep in a constant state
What are examples of positive feedback systems? - Answer Clotting mechanism and women
giving birth
Which cells regulate glucose levels in the blood? - Answer Beta cells
What does homeostasis regulate? - Answer Regulate cellular functions
Regulate physical and psychological adaption in order to maintain the body's internal
environment
Negative feedback systems - regulate life processes, behaviors, integrate body sytems
Definition of stress - Answer A state manifested by symptoms that arise from coordinated
activation of the neuroendocrine and immune systems
Definition of Adaptation - Answer The ability to respond to challenges of physical or
psychological homeostasis and then return to a balanced state
3 stages of GAS - Answer Alarm
- RAS - creates a state of muscle tension
Resistance - Fight or flight
Exhaustion or recovery - depending on outcome of resistance
Endogenous stressors - Answer From inside: pregnancy, cancer, diabetes
,Exogenous stressors - Answer External forces: tuition, deadlines, over work
What hormone kicks everything into gear - Answer Epinephrine
Where is the locus Ceruleus located - Answer Brain stem
What is regulated through the Locus Ceruleus? - Answer Regulation of the ANS occurs
through the Locus Ceruleus. is the central integrating for ANS response to Stress
What hormone do neurons in the Locus Ceruleus produce? - Answer Norepinephrine
What is the LC-NE connected to and by what? - Answer The LC-NE system has afferent
pathways to the hypothalamus, limbic system (emotion), hippocampus (memory), and cerebral
cortex (thoughts, memories)
What does activation of the SNS mean for the medulla of the adrenal gland? - Answer The
adrenal gland releases epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines)
What receptors are stimulated by the SNS? - Answer Alpha1 and alpha 2 adrenergic
receptors and Beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors
Alpha 1 receptors do what? - Answer Increased glycogenolysis, smooth muscle contraction
(blood vessels contract raising BP)
Alpha 2 receptors - Answer Increase renin release
Beta 1 receptors - Answer Stimulate lipolysis, increased heart rate, increased force of
contraction
Beta 2 receptors - Answer Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, increased glycogenolysis, and
increased muscle glycogenolysis
What are cortisol's effects - Answer Primary effect is to promote gluconeogensis in the liver
Suppresses the immune system
Works to ensure excess glucose is available during stress
What effect does cortisol have on the immune system? - Answer Decreases leukocytes
(white blood cells) at the site of inflammation or wound
, Cortisol stimulates lipolysis in the limbs and deposition around face and neck
Suppresses the immune system to conserve energy to focus on regaining balance against
stressor
What neuroendocrine responses to stress occur? - Answer Communication (increased
speed)
Cervral cortex (higher LOC)
Limbic system (get emotional when stressed)
Thalamus (hormones)
Hypothalamus (hormones)
Pituitary gland (master gland)
RAS (generates muscle tension and alertness)
What hormones does the hypothalamus and which ones are stored in the pituitary? - Answer
The hypothalamus secretes Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), Thyrotropin releasing
hormone (TRH), Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), Gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRH), Oxytocin, and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin and ADH are stored in the posterior pituitary gland
What follows the secretion of CRH? - Answer CRH causes the Ant. Pituitary to secrete
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenals to release Epi, NE,
mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids (cortisol), and Adrenal Sex Hormones (androgens)
What follows the secretion of TRH? - Answer TRH stimulates the ant. pituitary to secrete
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates the thyroid to create t3 and t4
What follows the secretion of GHRH? - Answer GHRH stimulates the ant. pituitary gland to
secrete Growth hormone (GH) which stimulates carbohydrate metabolism, and shrinkage of
adipose tissue.
GH also stimulates the liver to secrete IGF - 1 (insulin like growth factor) which int turn
stimulates growth in the bones, muscles, and body organs
What follows the secretion of GnRH? - Answer GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland
to secrete follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Lutenizing Hormone (LH), and prolactin
What effects does the SNS have on the rest of thee body? - Answer Cardiovascular - Increase
in BP and HR
Pulmonary - bronchodilation, tachypnea
Muscle - Muscles tense to get ready to fight or flight
