Medical terminology (IPHY 2400)
Chapter 13 study guide Questions and
All Correct Answers.
Endocrinology - Answer The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of
the endocrine system and treats endocrine system diseases
endo- - Answer innermost; within
Crin/o- - Answer secrete
-logy - Answer study of
The Endocrine System - Answer • The endocrine system consists of glands that perform
different functions and are located in different areas of the body.
• The functions of the endocrine system are to use hormones to stimulate specific body organs
and to help maintain homeostasis, a state of equilibrium of the body's internal environment, so
that all body systems can function optimally
Endocrine Glands in the Brain - Answer • The hypothalamus communicates to the pituitary
gland
• There are two parts of the pituitary gland
- Anterior pituitary
- Posterior pituitary
Hormones of the Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Gland - Answer • The anterior pituitary
gland produces and secretes seven different hormones.
• The posterior pituitary gland store sand secretes two hormones that are actually produced by
the hypothalamus.
Hyperpituitarism - Answer General term for hypersecretion(secretes more) of one or more
hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
• Caused by presence of an adenoma.
, • Treatment is drug therapy to suppress hormone secretion or surgery to remove the adenoma
followed by radiation therapy
Hypopituitarism - Answer General term for hyposecretion(secretes less) of one or more
hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
• Caused by injury or defect in the anterior pituitary gland.
• Treatment is drug therapy to replace the deficient hormones
Galactorrhea - Answer Hypersecretion of prolactin due to an adenoma in the anterior
pituitary gland; results in production of milk even though the patient is not pregnant or nursing
galact/o- - Answer milk
-rrhea - Answer discharge or flow
Failure of lactation - Answer Hyposecretion of prolactin due to a defect in the anterior
pituitary gland; prevents development of the milk glands during puberty and results in inability
to breastfeed
Gigantism - Answer Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood
and puberty causes excessive growth of bones and tissues
Acromegaly - Answer Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during
adulthood causes a person's facial features, jaw, hands, and feet to widen and enlarge
acr/o- - Answer extremity
-megaly - Answer enlargement
Dwarfism - Answer Condition in which hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood
and puberty causes a lack of growth and short stature, but with normal body proportions
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Answer Condition in which hypersecretion of ADH
causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of excessive amounts of water and some sodium.
Chapter 13 study guide Questions and
All Correct Answers.
Endocrinology - Answer The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of
the endocrine system and treats endocrine system diseases
endo- - Answer innermost; within
Crin/o- - Answer secrete
-logy - Answer study of
The Endocrine System - Answer • The endocrine system consists of glands that perform
different functions and are located in different areas of the body.
• The functions of the endocrine system are to use hormones to stimulate specific body organs
and to help maintain homeostasis, a state of equilibrium of the body's internal environment, so
that all body systems can function optimally
Endocrine Glands in the Brain - Answer • The hypothalamus communicates to the pituitary
gland
• There are two parts of the pituitary gland
- Anterior pituitary
- Posterior pituitary
Hormones of the Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Gland - Answer • The anterior pituitary
gland produces and secretes seven different hormones.
• The posterior pituitary gland store sand secretes two hormones that are actually produced by
the hypothalamus.
Hyperpituitarism - Answer General term for hypersecretion(secretes more) of one or more
hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
• Caused by presence of an adenoma.
, • Treatment is drug therapy to suppress hormone secretion or surgery to remove the adenoma
followed by radiation therapy
Hypopituitarism - Answer General term for hyposecretion(secretes less) of one or more
hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
• Caused by injury or defect in the anterior pituitary gland.
• Treatment is drug therapy to replace the deficient hormones
Galactorrhea - Answer Hypersecretion of prolactin due to an adenoma in the anterior
pituitary gland; results in production of milk even though the patient is not pregnant or nursing
galact/o- - Answer milk
-rrhea - Answer discharge or flow
Failure of lactation - Answer Hyposecretion of prolactin due to a defect in the anterior
pituitary gland; prevents development of the milk glands during puberty and results in inability
to breastfeed
Gigantism - Answer Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood
and puberty causes excessive growth of bones and tissues
Acromegaly - Answer Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during
adulthood causes a person's facial features, jaw, hands, and feet to widen and enlarge
acr/o- - Answer extremity
-megaly - Answer enlargement
Dwarfism - Answer Condition in which hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood
and puberty causes a lack of growth and short stature, but with normal body proportions
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Answer Condition in which hypersecretion of ADH
causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of excessive amounts of water and some sodium.
