NR302 / NR 302 Exam 4 (2026/2027 Edition) Health Assessment I |Review with Questions and Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade -Chamberlain

NR302 / NR 302 Exam 4 (2026/2027 Edition) Health Assessment I |Review with Questions and Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade -Chamberlain Q. The mouth contains three pairs of salivary glands which produce ____ to help chemical digestion of sugars ANSWER amylase Q. what condition is when the uvula is split either completely or partially, also the lowest form of clefting? ANSWER bifid uvula Q. what is torus palatinus? ANSWER a bony ridge running in the middle (front ot back) of the hard palate Q. Any time there is a possible head trauma and drainage from ear or nose, what should you do? ANSWER put a few drops on white paper towel, if there is a ring of color it is CSF Q. what cranial nerve is involved in sense of smell? ANSWER cranial nerve 1 Q. what is it when you darken room and place penlight over orbital bone under the eyebrow for the frontal sinus and on the cheek pointing down towards the mouth for maxillary. should have reddish glow on forehead between eyebrows or inside mouth on hard palate ANSWER transillumination Q. what can you use transillumination? ANSWER when you suspect sinus inflammation Q. what are tonsil stones? ANSWER fats/food that get stuck in crypts Q. what cranial nerve is responsible for eliciting the gag reflex? ANSWER cranial nerve IX, X (the glossopharyngeal and vagus) Q. what cranial nerve is responsible for sticking the tongue out and protruding midline? ANSWER cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) Q. what is halitosis? ANSWER bad breath Q. in aging adults, the nose may appear more prominent on face from loss of ____ ANSWER subcutaneous fat Q. in _____ person, the mouth and lips will fold in giving a "purse-string" appearance ANSWER edentulous Q. what does yellowing of the teeth result from? ANSWER dentin visible through worn enamel Q. in the aging adult, the tongue looks smoother as a result of _____ ANSWER papillary atrophy Q. what is epistaxis? ANSWER nose bleed Q. what is sinusitis? ANSWER inflammation of the sinuses Q. what is seasonal allergic rhinitis? ANSWER hypersensitivity to ragweed is the PRIMARY CAUSE (AR or hay fever) Q. What are lip abnormalities? ANSWER cleft lip, herpes simplex 1, angular cheilitis, carcinoma Q. what are nose abnormalities? ANSWER epistaxis, sinusitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis, acute rhinitis, foreign body, perforated septum, nasal polyps Q. what are teeth and gum abnormalities? ANSWER baby bottle tooth decay, dental caries, tooth avulsion, gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, meth mouth Q. what are buccal mucosa abnormalities? ANSWER aphthous ulcers, kolpik spots (measles), leukoplakia, candidiasis, herpes simplex virus 1 Q. what are the tongue abnoramlities? ANSWER ankyloglossia, geographic tongue, smooth glossy tongue, black hair tongue, carcinoma, fissured or scrotal tongue, enlarged tongue Q. what are oropharynx abnormalities? ANSWER bifid uvula, peritonsillar abscess, acute tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis, cleft palate Q. what type of hearing loss is mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear? ANSWER conductive hearing loss Q. what can cause conductive hearing loss? ANSWER impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, perforated TM, pus or serum, otosclerosis Q. what type of hearing loss signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or auditory areas of cerebral cortex? ANSWER sensorineural (perceptive) hearing loss Q. an increase in amplitude may not enable a person to _______ ANSWER understand words Q. what is sensorineural hearing loss caused by? ANSWER presbycusis, ototoxic drugs antibiotics ending in mycin Q. what type of hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear? ANSWER mixed hearing loss Q. ____ in the inner ear feeds information to the brain about the body's position in space ANSWER labyrinth Q. if the labyrinth becomes inflamed, it feeds wrong information to the brain creating what? ANSWER staggering gait and veritgo Q. vertigo may be caused by ___ in the middle ear ANSWER vacuum Q. what is presbycusis? ANSWER gradual sensorineural loss caused by nerve degeneration Q. what are the first signs of presbycusis? ANSWER high-frequency tone loss and ability to localize sound Q. what is xanthochromia? ANSWER yellow/pink CSF fluid Q. what sections of the malleus are visible through translucent drum? ANSWER umbo, manubrium, and short process Q. what does a normal tympanic membrane look like? ANSWER translucent, greyish, COL present, EAC is normal Q. What is otitis media effusion? ANSWER lack of eustachian drainage, causes a fluid buildup Q. What is acute otitis media? ANSWER opaque bulging TM, concaved Q. what are the abnormal finding of the external ear? ANSWER frostbite, ear deformity, otitis externa (Swimmers ear), cellulitis Q. what is tophi? ANSWER uric acid crystals on ear from gout Q. what is chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis? ANSWER nodules on helix that commonly have chronic scabbing Q. what is a keloid? ANSWER darker skin, especially at piercings Q. what is a battle sign (bruise)? ANSWER from head trauma or fracture Q. what is otitis externa? ANSWER swimmers ear what are ear canal abnormalities? erythemic, swollen, opaque mucous what is the treatment for ear canal abnormalities? antibiotic ear drops what is choanal atresia? Congenital obstruction of posterior nasal passages why is choanal atresia an airway emergency? newborns are obligate nose breathers what is acute rhinitis? acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose what is perforated septum? hole in septum what is nasal polyps? smooth pale grey nodules which are overgrowth of mucosa are most commonly caused by chronic allergic rhinitis what is a cleft lip? birth defect that appears as a missing part of the upper lip extended toward the nose. what are the causes of a cleft lip? strong family history, maternal use of phenytoin (dilantin), alcohol, diabetes what is herpes simplex virus 1? cold sores, clear vesicles with surrounding indurated erythematous base what is angular cheilitis? erythema, scaling, and shallow fissures at corners of mouth what is retention "cyst"? pocket of mucus that forms when a duct of salivary gland ruptures what is baby bottle tooth decay? destruction of deciduous teeth from taking a bottle to bed what is dental caries? tooth decay, looks chalky white then turns brown what is tooth avulsion? dislodge of primary/permanent tooth from alveolar socket what is epulis? benign nontender, fibrous nodule of gums what is gingival hyperplasia? enlargement of gums, overreaches teeth what is gingivitis? inflammation of the gums what is meth mouth? Meth abuse leads to cavities, gingivitis, tooth cracking, tooth loss causes vasoconstriction and decreased saliva leads to increased acidity in mouth what is aphthous ulcers? canker sores, associated with stress, fatigue, and allergy what are koplik spots? blue-white spots with irregular red halo, indicates measles what is leukoplakia? benign growth, white patches on surface membrane of mucosa what is candidiasis or monilial infection? "thrush", white cheesy curdlike patches on buccal mucosa and tongue what is ankyloglossia? short lingual frenulum what is geographic tongue (migratory glossitis)? pattern of normal coating interspersed with bright, red, shiny circular bald areas what is smooth, glossy tongue (atrophic glossitis)? mucosa thins and looks red from decreased papillae what is black hairy tongue? elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tongue what is fissured or scrotal tongue? deep furrows divide papillae into small irregular rows what is enlarged tongue (macroglossia)? enlarged tongue and protrudes from mouth, seen in down syndrome what is oral kaposi sarcoma? bruiselike, confluent macule on hard palate what is peritonsillar abscess? lnfection between the tonsil and pharyngeal constrictors what is acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis? bright red throat; swollen tonsils; white/yellow exudate on tonsils what is characterized by reddish-blue discoloration and swelling of auricle after exposure to extreme cold? frostbite what is branchial remnant and ear deformity? a facial remnant or leftover of the embryonic branchial arch usually appears as skin tag what is cellulitis? inflammation of loose, subcutaneous connective tissue what is chondrodermatitis nodularis helicus? painful nodules on rim of helix what is sebaceous cyst? commonly behind lobule, blocked sebaceous gland what is osteoma? benign tumor of bone what is exostosis? small, bony, hard, rounded nodules of hypertrophic bone what is polyp? arises in canal from granulomatous or mucosal tissue aging adult assessment sequence health history general appearance measurement skin vital signs head/face (maxillary and frontal sinuses) eyes ears (whisper, Rhine, Weber tests) nose mouth/throat neck (carotid pulse, bruits) chest: posterior and lateral (tactile fremitus) chest: anterior (tactile fremitus) heart and upper extremities (auscultate cardiac base for murmurs) breasts (self-examination) neck vessels (JVD) heart (heaves, thrills; auscultate heart sounds w/ diaphragm then bell) Chapter 28 infant, child and adolescent *vital signs and measurement assessment (neonate/infant) pulse, RR, temp, weight, length, head circumference general appearance assessment (neonate/infant) body symmetry, spontaneous position, flexion of head and neck, spontaneous movement skin color and characteristics (note deformities) symmetry/positioning of facial features alert, responsive effort/strong, lusty cry chest and heart assessment (neonate/infant) inspect skin, chest configuration, nipples, breast tissue note movement of abdomen with respiration and chest retractions palpate apical pulse, chest wall for thrills, tactile fremitus if crying auscultate breath sounds, heart sounds, bowel sounds in abdomen and chest head and face assessment (neonate/infant) note molding after delivery, swelling on head, bulging of fontanels with cry/at rest palpate fontanels, suture lines, swellings inspect position and symmetry of facial features at rest and while crying to open neonates eyes, support head/shoulders and gently lower baby backward eyes, ears, nose assessment (neonate/infant) eyes (inspect lids - edema, conjunctivae, note any nystagmus (repetitive movements), discharge, palpebral slant -see photo) ears (size, shape, alignment of auricles, patency of canals, extra skin tags/pits, do otoscopic exam at the end) nose (patency of nares, discharge, sneezing, flaring with respiration) mouth, throat, neck assessment (neonate/infant) lips, gums, high-arched palate, buccal mucosa, tongue size, frenulum of tongue, absent/minimal salivation, rooting reflex, sucking reflex *otoscope (neonate/infant) SAVE THIS FOR THE END OF THE ASSESSMENT check auditory canals and tympanic membranes Moro reflex Moro reflex falling reflex rooting reflex looking for nipple running finger across cheek should result in baby turning head towards finger general appearance and measurement assessment (young child) ability to amuse self parent-child interaction developmental milestones - Denver II posture, alignment of legs/feet, speech acquisition, vision/hearing ability, social interaction upper extremities and head/face/neck assessment (young child) alignment, skin, fingers, note palmar creases palpate radial pulse test biceps/triceps reflexes with reflex hammer size/shape of head, symmetrical facies palpate cervical lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid gland eyes assessment (young child) exterior structures, note any palpebral slant corneal light and pupillary light reflexes cardinal gaze cover test if indicated inspect conjunctivae and sclera observe red reflex and inspect fundus with opthalmoscope nose, mouth, throat assessment (young child) nose (exterior nose, skin, nares, mucosa, septum, turbinates) mouth and throat (inspect mouth, buccal mucosa, teeth and gums, tongue, palate, uvula) ears assessment (young child) inspect auricles, note any discharge from auditory meatus, check for foreign body inspect ear canal and tympanic membranes (TM) using otoscope inspect TM for color, position, landmarks, integrity let child handle equipment thorax and breath sounds assessment (young child) posterior chest: configuration, skin, characteristics, symmetry of shoulders, muscles palpate for lumps/tenderness over length of spine percuss over lung fields auscultate breath sounds, perform bilateral comparison in upper and lower lung fields note adventitious sounds chest and heart assessment (young child) size/shape/configuration of chest wall respiratory movement inspect pulsations on precordium - note nipple and breast development palpate apical pulse, chest walls for thrills and tactile fremitus ausculate S1 and S2, note any murmurs *what kind of assessment does a nurse perform for an adolescent? head-to-toe as for an adult developing identity, becoming self-conscious and introspective so assess with street clothes on *cranial nerves oh oh oh to touch and feel a girl's vagina, ah heaven I olfactory (smell) II optic (sight) III oculomotor (eye movement) IV trochlear (downward/inward eye movement) V trigeminal (pain, touch, motor jaw) VI abducens (abducts eyes) VII facial (facial expressions, taste-front of tongue) VIII auditory (vestibular cochlear) (hearing, EQ) IX glossopharyngeal (taste-back of tongue, gag reflex, swallowing) X vagus (pharynx, larynx, movement of vocal chords) XI accessory (movement of head/shoulders) XII hypoglossal (movement of tongue) angina chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to heart which murmurs are common in healthy children/adolescents? "Still's murmur" innocent=no valvular or other pathologic cause functional=increased blood flow in heart (e.g., in anemia, fever, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism)