COMSAE 1 Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) 2026
1. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job syndrome): An autosomal dominant condition charac- terized by the
triad of eczema, eosinophilia, and recurrent skin and pulmonary infections.
It is also associated with multiple connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities, including scoliosis, hyperextensibility, pathologic
fractures, retained primary dentition, craniosynostosis, and vascular abnormalities
2. Nitroblue Tetrazolium Dye Test: It is used to detect the presence of NADPH oxidase, an enzyme
used by neutrophils to make oxygen radicals for killing bacteria. The test is positive when the enzyme is present and not defective;
the higher the blue score, the better the cell is at reproducing reactive oxygen species.
NADPH oxidase is not attected in Job syndrome; thus, the nitroblue tetrazolium dye test should be positive. A negative test, as in
chronic granulomatous disease, will show a lack of NADPH oxidase.
3. What is the most common cause of gastritis with watery diarrhea before the age of 2-years?:
Rotavirus
4. Sarcoidosis: It is characterized by noncaseating granulomas in the interstitium and hilar l
ymph nodes.
Patients with this disorder have erythema nodosum, eye problems, and commonly hypercalcemia hypervitaminosis D.
as a result of
It has both obstructive and restrictive lung disease hallmarks
5. CA19-9 is a tumor marker for: Pancreatic Cancer
6. Brocas Area: language area in the L inferior frontal Gyrus that helps to control speech production.
Damage here causes non-fluent & poor repetition. Pt will have INTACT comprehension
7. Latissimus Dorsi m action: Extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the arm.
Innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.
8. Wernickes Area: Located in the L superior Temporal gyrus. Damage to this area of the brain would lead to Wernicke's
aphasia. These patients can speak freely, but are unable to comprehend.
9. Anti- Jo antibodies seen in?: Polymyositis
10. CTG Repeat: Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy is a trinucleotide repeat expansion disease. It is an expansion
trinucleotide within the dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Defect of the gene can lead to myotonia
, COMSAE 1 Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) 2026
(noted with the sustained grasp), muscle wasting, frontal balding, cataracts, testicular atrophy, and arrhythmias. It exhibits an
autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
11. CAG repeat: Huntington Disease. AD, The repeat disorder is located on chromosome 4. 20-50 y/o. Attected
individuals present with choreiform movements, aggression, depression, and dementia. There is a decrease in the levels of
(GABA) and acetylcholine in the brain leading to neuronal death via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) binding of glutamate,
leading to glutamate toxicity.
12. CGG Repeat: Fragile X Syndrome
13. GAA Repeat: Friedriech Ataxia. The defect is located on chromosome 9 in the gene that encodes frataxin, an
iron binding protein. Attected individuals will have an impairment in mitochondrial function. There will be dysfunction within the
spinal cord tracts leading to muscle weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes, vibratory sense, and proprioception. Patients
typically present with a staggering gait, numerous falls, nystagmus, dysarthria, pes cavus, hammer toes, hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy, as well as childhood kyphoscoliosis.
14. Alport Syndrome: presents with renal failure and hearing loss. It is caused by a defect in type IV collagen
found in basement membranes
15. Colles Fx: Fractures of the distal radius
16. Monteggia fx: Ulnar Fx w/ radial head dislocation
17. dorsal interossei: Abduct fingers
18. Palmar Interossei: Adduct fingers
19. Pilocytic astrocytomas: A (CNS) neoplasms that are often cystic. They arise from astrocytes and are
commonly located in the cerebellar hemispheres and around the third ventricle. They have a very favorable prognosis and do not
invade tissues. Patients will present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to a resultant hydrocephalus or mass
ettect. Focal neurological deficits such as weakness, paralysis, sensory defi cits, cranial nerve
palsies, and seizures may also occur. Physical examination will reveal abnormal cerebellar functions alternating such as rapid
movements, finger to nose testing, heel to shin, or positive Romberg's test with the eyes open. CT or MRI
will reveal a unilocular or multilocular cyst with an associated tumor nodule. Histological evaluation will reveal the presence of
Rosenthal fibers, which are elongated corkscrew shaped eosinophilic fibers that stain positively for glial fibrillary acidic protein
(GFAP).
20. Choroid Plexus Papilloma: Benign neoplasms of the choroid plexus villi, which are located in the
brain ventricles and are normally responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid. The choroid plexus lines the
, COMSAE 1 Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) 2026
ventricular system of the brain, and is found in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. Most commonly occur in the lateral
ventricles of children younger than 2-years-old. Choroid plexus papillomas result in an incre ased production
of cerebrospinal fluid, and can also obstruct cerebrospinal fluid flow and reabsorption. This can le intracranialad to increased
pressure, hydrocephalus, and mass ettect. Patients usually present with headache, nau drowsiness, ocular palsiessea, vomiting,
of cranial nerves III and VI, papilledema, and visual disturbances. Have b with von Hippel-Lindau and Li-een associated
Fraumeni syndromes
21. Craniopharyngioma: Benign tumors of the CNS located in the sella turcica and most commonly occur
in children aged 5 to 10-years-old. They arise from Rathke's pouch, which is an embryologic structure that forms the
infundibulum and anterior pituitary gland. Patients will presence with symptoms of increased i ntracranial
pressure, such as headaches, projectile vomiting, papilledema, decrease in visual acuity, blurred vis hemianopsia.ion, or bitemporal
Bitemporal hemianopsia results from anterior extension of the tumor that puts press chiasm. They have both aure onto the optic
solid and cystic component, and microscopic examination will reveal abu ndant cholesterol
crystals in the fluid. Calcification of the tumor also occurs. Spillage of the cyst fluid into the subarachnoid space can result in
chemical arachnoiditis
22. Ependydomas: CNS tumors that arise within the ependymal lining of the ventricular system of the brain.
Most commonly occur in the roof of the fourth ventricle. The mean age at diagnosis is 4-years-old. Patients will present with an
insidious onset of lethargy, headache, nausea, and vomiting due to increased intracranial p ressure from
obstructive hydrocephalus that impedes cerebrospinal fluid flow through the foramina of Luschka Physical and Magendie.
examination will reveal papilledema. Histological examination will reveal perivascular pseu dorosettes, which
are cells with a peripherally located nuclei that form a halo around an empty lumen. Blepharoplasts, which are rod-shaped
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions, can also be found near the nucleus.
23. Medulloblastoma: Highly malignant CNS posterior fossa tumors that most commonly attect children
aged 9-years-old. The most common location is in the midline of the cerebellum at the cerebellar vermis. Magnetic resonance
images will reveal a poorly defined, hypodense mass. Patients will present with cerebellar dysfunction, which leads to gait
abnormalities and truncal ataxia due to the midline location. Patients can also have symptoms of increased intracranial pressure from
a resultant hydrocephalus, which leads to behavioral change, irritability, nausea, and vomiting that is more common in the
mornings due to the recumbent nature of sleeping that results in an increase in intracranial pressure. Histological examination will
reveal the presence of Homer-Wright pseudorosettes, which are elongated tumor cells that are arranged concentrically around an
eosinophilic central space devoid of any blood vessels
24. Multiple Sclerosis: In a young female, development of unilateral visual changes and an intention tremor
often signals this dz. They present with visual changes, such as visual loss (optic neuritis), nystagmus, and internuclear
(Verified Answers) 2026
1. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job syndrome): An autosomal dominant condition charac- terized by the
triad of eczema, eosinophilia, and recurrent skin and pulmonary infections.
It is also associated with multiple connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities, including scoliosis, hyperextensibility, pathologic
fractures, retained primary dentition, craniosynostosis, and vascular abnormalities
2. Nitroblue Tetrazolium Dye Test: It is used to detect the presence of NADPH oxidase, an enzyme
used by neutrophils to make oxygen radicals for killing bacteria. The test is positive when the enzyme is present and not defective;
the higher the blue score, the better the cell is at reproducing reactive oxygen species.
NADPH oxidase is not attected in Job syndrome; thus, the nitroblue tetrazolium dye test should be positive. A negative test, as in
chronic granulomatous disease, will show a lack of NADPH oxidase.
3. What is the most common cause of gastritis with watery diarrhea before the age of 2-years?:
Rotavirus
4. Sarcoidosis: It is characterized by noncaseating granulomas in the interstitium and hilar l
ymph nodes.
Patients with this disorder have erythema nodosum, eye problems, and commonly hypercalcemia hypervitaminosis D.
as a result of
It has both obstructive and restrictive lung disease hallmarks
5. CA19-9 is a tumor marker for: Pancreatic Cancer
6. Brocas Area: language area in the L inferior frontal Gyrus that helps to control speech production.
Damage here causes non-fluent & poor repetition. Pt will have INTACT comprehension
7. Latissimus Dorsi m action: Extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the arm.
Innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.
8. Wernickes Area: Located in the L superior Temporal gyrus. Damage to this area of the brain would lead to Wernicke's
aphasia. These patients can speak freely, but are unable to comprehend.
9. Anti- Jo antibodies seen in?: Polymyositis
10. CTG Repeat: Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy is a trinucleotide repeat expansion disease. It is an expansion
trinucleotide within the dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Defect of the gene can lead to myotonia
, COMSAE 1 Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) 2026
(noted with the sustained grasp), muscle wasting, frontal balding, cataracts, testicular atrophy, and arrhythmias. It exhibits an
autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
11. CAG repeat: Huntington Disease. AD, The repeat disorder is located on chromosome 4. 20-50 y/o. Attected
individuals present with choreiform movements, aggression, depression, and dementia. There is a decrease in the levels of
(GABA) and acetylcholine in the brain leading to neuronal death via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) binding of glutamate,
leading to glutamate toxicity.
12. CGG Repeat: Fragile X Syndrome
13. GAA Repeat: Friedriech Ataxia. The defect is located on chromosome 9 in the gene that encodes frataxin, an
iron binding protein. Attected individuals will have an impairment in mitochondrial function. There will be dysfunction within the
spinal cord tracts leading to muscle weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes, vibratory sense, and proprioception. Patients
typically present with a staggering gait, numerous falls, nystagmus, dysarthria, pes cavus, hammer toes, hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy, as well as childhood kyphoscoliosis.
14. Alport Syndrome: presents with renal failure and hearing loss. It is caused by a defect in type IV collagen
found in basement membranes
15. Colles Fx: Fractures of the distal radius
16. Monteggia fx: Ulnar Fx w/ radial head dislocation
17. dorsal interossei: Abduct fingers
18. Palmar Interossei: Adduct fingers
19. Pilocytic astrocytomas: A (CNS) neoplasms that are often cystic. They arise from astrocytes and are
commonly located in the cerebellar hemispheres and around the third ventricle. They have a very favorable prognosis and do not
invade tissues. Patients will present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to a resultant hydrocephalus or mass
ettect. Focal neurological deficits such as weakness, paralysis, sensory defi cits, cranial nerve
palsies, and seizures may also occur. Physical examination will reveal abnormal cerebellar functions alternating such as rapid
movements, finger to nose testing, heel to shin, or positive Romberg's test with the eyes open. CT or MRI
will reveal a unilocular or multilocular cyst with an associated tumor nodule. Histological evaluation will reveal the presence of
Rosenthal fibers, which are elongated corkscrew shaped eosinophilic fibers that stain positively for glial fibrillary acidic protein
(GFAP).
20. Choroid Plexus Papilloma: Benign neoplasms of the choroid plexus villi, which are located in the
brain ventricles and are normally responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid. The choroid plexus lines the
, COMSAE 1 Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) 2026
ventricular system of the brain, and is found in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. Most commonly occur in the lateral
ventricles of children younger than 2-years-old. Choroid plexus papillomas result in an incre ased production
of cerebrospinal fluid, and can also obstruct cerebrospinal fluid flow and reabsorption. This can le intracranialad to increased
pressure, hydrocephalus, and mass ettect. Patients usually present with headache, nau drowsiness, ocular palsiessea, vomiting,
of cranial nerves III and VI, papilledema, and visual disturbances. Have b with von Hippel-Lindau and Li-een associated
Fraumeni syndromes
21. Craniopharyngioma: Benign tumors of the CNS located in the sella turcica and most commonly occur
in children aged 5 to 10-years-old. They arise from Rathke's pouch, which is an embryologic structure that forms the
infundibulum and anterior pituitary gland. Patients will presence with symptoms of increased i ntracranial
pressure, such as headaches, projectile vomiting, papilledema, decrease in visual acuity, blurred vis hemianopsia.ion, or bitemporal
Bitemporal hemianopsia results from anterior extension of the tumor that puts press chiasm. They have both aure onto the optic
solid and cystic component, and microscopic examination will reveal abu ndant cholesterol
crystals in the fluid. Calcification of the tumor also occurs. Spillage of the cyst fluid into the subarachnoid space can result in
chemical arachnoiditis
22. Ependydomas: CNS tumors that arise within the ependymal lining of the ventricular system of the brain.
Most commonly occur in the roof of the fourth ventricle. The mean age at diagnosis is 4-years-old. Patients will present with an
insidious onset of lethargy, headache, nausea, and vomiting due to increased intracranial p ressure from
obstructive hydrocephalus that impedes cerebrospinal fluid flow through the foramina of Luschka Physical and Magendie.
examination will reveal papilledema. Histological examination will reveal perivascular pseu dorosettes, which
are cells with a peripherally located nuclei that form a halo around an empty lumen. Blepharoplasts, which are rod-shaped
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions, can also be found near the nucleus.
23. Medulloblastoma: Highly malignant CNS posterior fossa tumors that most commonly attect children
aged 9-years-old. The most common location is in the midline of the cerebellum at the cerebellar vermis. Magnetic resonance
images will reveal a poorly defined, hypodense mass. Patients will present with cerebellar dysfunction, which leads to gait
abnormalities and truncal ataxia due to the midline location. Patients can also have symptoms of increased intracranial pressure from
a resultant hydrocephalus, which leads to behavioral change, irritability, nausea, and vomiting that is more common in the
mornings due to the recumbent nature of sleeping that results in an increase in intracranial pressure. Histological examination will
reveal the presence of Homer-Wright pseudorosettes, which are elongated tumor cells that are arranged concentrically around an
eosinophilic central space devoid of any blood vessels
24. Multiple Sclerosis: In a young female, development of unilateral visual changes and an intention tremor
often signals this dz. They present with visual changes, such as visual loss (optic neuritis), nystagmus, and internuclear
