NSG 500 EXAM 2 (WILKES) NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL
EXAM| NSG500 ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH 200 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY
GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
1. What is the normal respiratory rate (RR) to heart rate (HR)
ratio?
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1:4
D. 1:6
Correct Answer: C. 1:4
Rationale: The normal respiratory rate to heart rate ratio is
approximately 1:4, meaning for every breath, the heart
typically beats four times. This ratio is an important indicator of
general health and cardiorespiratory function. Significant
deviations from this ratio can imply underlying pathology
affecting either system .
2. How much should the lower border of the liver drop during
a deep breath?
1
,A. 0-1 cm
B. 1-2 cm
C. 2-3 cm
D. 4-5 cm
Correct Answer: C. 2-3 cm
Rationale: Upon deep inspiration, the diaphragm moves
downward, allowing the liver to descend approximately 2 to 3
cm. This movement is assessed during physical examination to
evaluate diaphragm functionality and liver mobility. Decreased
excursion may indicate diaphragmatic paralysis or intra-
abdominal pathology .
3. Which breath sound indicates COPD, emphysema, or
restrictive lung disease?
A. Increased crackles
B. Decreased diaphragmatic excursion
C. Increased tactile fremitus
D. Bronchial breath sounds
Correct Answer: B. Decreased diaphragmatic excursion
Rationale: Decreased diaphragmatic excursion is characteristic
of COPD, emphysema, and restrictive lung diseases. In
2
,emphysema, hyperinflation of the lungs flattens the diaphragm,
reducing its range of motion. In restrictive diseases, lung
compliance is reduced, limiting diaphragmatic descent .
4. Which of the following are abnormal breath sounds? Select
all that apply.
A. Crackles
B. Rhonchi
C. Wheezes
D. Vesicular breath sounds
E. Friction rub
F. Mediastinal crunch
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F (All except D)
Rationale: Normal breath sounds include vesicular, bronchial,
and bronchovesicular sounds. Abnormal (adventitious) breath
sounds include: crackles (rales), rhonchi, wheezes, friction rub
(pleural), and mediastinal crunch (Hamman's sign). These indicate
various pulmonary pathologies from fluid accumulation to airway
obstruction .
5. What does the sound of stridor indicate?
3
, A. Consolidation in the lungs
B. Laryngeal obstruction or narrowing
C. Pleural effusion
D. Bronchial secretions
Correct Answer: B. Laryngeal obstruction or narrowing
Rationale: Stridor is a high-pitched, monophonic sound heard
primarily during inspiration that indicates upper airway
obstruction at the level of the larynx or trachea. Causes include
foreign body aspiration, croup, epiglottitis, and laryngeal
edema. Stridor is a medical emergency requiring immediate
evaluation .
6. How do you differentiate between crackles and rhonchi
during auscultation?
A. Crackles are heard only in inspiration; rhonchi only in
expiration
B. Auscultate before and after the patient coughs—rhonchi
typically clear with coughing
C. Crackles are high-pitched; rhonchi are low-pitched only
D. Position the patient supine—crackles disappear; rhonchi
remain
4
EXAM| NSG500 ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH 200 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY
GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
1. What is the normal respiratory rate (RR) to heart rate (HR)
ratio?
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1:4
D. 1:6
Correct Answer: C. 1:4
Rationale: The normal respiratory rate to heart rate ratio is
approximately 1:4, meaning for every breath, the heart
typically beats four times. This ratio is an important indicator of
general health and cardiorespiratory function. Significant
deviations from this ratio can imply underlying pathology
affecting either system .
2. How much should the lower border of the liver drop during
a deep breath?
1
,A. 0-1 cm
B. 1-2 cm
C. 2-3 cm
D. 4-5 cm
Correct Answer: C. 2-3 cm
Rationale: Upon deep inspiration, the diaphragm moves
downward, allowing the liver to descend approximately 2 to 3
cm. This movement is assessed during physical examination to
evaluate diaphragm functionality and liver mobility. Decreased
excursion may indicate diaphragmatic paralysis or intra-
abdominal pathology .
3. Which breath sound indicates COPD, emphysema, or
restrictive lung disease?
A. Increased crackles
B. Decreased diaphragmatic excursion
C. Increased tactile fremitus
D. Bronchial breath sounds
Correct Answer: B. Decreased diaphragmatic excursion
Rationale: Decreased diaphragmatic excursion is characteristic
of COPD, emphysema, and restrictive lung diseases. In
2
,emphysema, hyperinflation of the lungs flattens the diaphragm,
reducing its range of motion. In restrictive diseases, lung
compliance is reduced, limiting diaphragmatic descent .
4. Which of the following are abnormal breath sounds? Select
all that apply.
A. Crackles
B. Rhonchi
C. Wheezes
D. Vesicular breath sounds
E. Friction rub
F. Mediastinal crunch
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F (All except D)
Rationale: Normal breath sounds include vesicular, bronchial,
and bronchovesicular sounds. Abnormal (adventitious) breath
sounds include: crackles (rales), rhonchi, wheezes, friction rub
(pleural), and mediastinal crunch (Hamman's sign). These indicate
various pulmonary pathologies from fluid accumulation to airway
obstruction .
5. What does the sound of stridor indicate?
3
, A. Consolidation in the lungs
B. Laryngeal obstruction or narrowing
C. Pleural effusion
D. Bronchial secretions
Correct Answer: B. Laryngeal obstruction or narrowing
Rationale: Stridor is a high-pitched, monophonic sound heard
primarily during inspiration that indicates upper airway
obstruction at the level of the larynx or trachea. Causes include
foreign body aspiration, croup, epiglottitis, and laryngeal
edema. Stridor is a medical emergency requiring immediate
evaluation .
6. How do you differentiate between crackles and rhonchi
during auscultation?
A. Crackles are heard only in inspiration; rhonchi only in
expiration
B. Auscultate before and after the patient coughs—rhonchi
typically clear with coughing
C. Crackles are high-pitched; rhonchi are low-pitched only
D. Position the patient supine—crackles disappear; rhonchi
remain
4
