ELITE COMPREHENSIVE
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY (PACOP VIOLET)
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
Applied Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacologic
Emergencies Exam|| Questions and Answers
Spring Examination May 2026
1. The first priority step in the treatment of poisoned patient is:
A. Clinical evaluation
B. Prevention of further toxin absorption
C. Administration of antidote
D. Supportive care and clinical follow-up
E. Stabilization of the patient
✓ E. Stabilization of the patient
2. Characteristic odor of garlic detected on the poisoned patient's breath or clothing may
point toward exposure or poisoning of which of the following?
A. Cyanide
B. Hydrogen sulfide
C. Organophosphates
1
Page
D. Naphthalene
, E. Methyl salicylate
✓ C. Organophosphates
3. The term denotes the disposition of poisons in the body:
A. Toxicodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Toxicokinetics
D. Toxidrome
E. Clinical toxicology
✓ C. Toxicokinetics
4. The following are the four primary methods to prevent continued absorption of an oral
poison EXCEPT:
A. Induction of emesis with syrup of ipecac
B. Oral administration of MgO
C. Gastric lavage
D. Oral administration of activated charcoal
E. Whole bowel irrigation
✓ B. Oral administration of MgO
5. The difference between the serum concentrations of the major cations (Na+/K+) and
anions (HCO3-/Cl-); an increase of this value indicates the presence of extra anions and
is most commonly caused by metabolic acidosis:
2
A. Osmolar gap
Page
B. Anion gap
, C. Cation gap
D. Osmosis gap
E. Metabolic gap
✓ B. Anion gap
6. Hepatic lipid accumulation can occur as the result of one or more of the following,
EXCEPT:
A. Increased fatty acid supply to the liver
B. Increased fatty acid transporter expression
C. Increased de novo fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis
D. Increased fatty acid oxidation
E. Decreased synthesis and/or secretion of VLDL
✓ D. Increased fatty acid oxidation
7. Characteristic odor of bitter almond detected on the poisoned patient's breath or
clothing may point toward exposure or poisoning of which of the following?
A. Cyanide
B. Hydrogen sulfide
C. Organophosphates
D. Naphthalene
E. Methyl salicylate
✓ Cyanide
3
Page
8. Denotes the injurious effects of toxins and is very important in the diagnosis and
management of poisoning:
, A. Toxicodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Toxicokinetics
D. Toxidrome
E. Clinical toxicology
✓ Toxicodynamics
9. Which of the following plants may cause nausea, emesis, hypertension, and
bradycardia on ingestion?
A. Veratum californicum
B. Convallaria majalis
C. Digitalis purpurea
D. Ricinus communis
E. Podophyllum peltatum
✓ Veratum californicum
10. For many years, orally administered activated charcoal has been routinely
incorporated into the initial treatment of a patient poisoned by the oral route. The term
"activated" means:
A. Inorganic impurities are removed on the charcoal to prevent intoxication
B. The charcoal has been specifically processed to be more efficient at adsorbing toxins
C. The charcoal is sterilized to increase effectiveness
D. The charcoal comes from a synthetic source
E. The charcoal is converted to its active form when exposed into the acidic pH of the
4
stomach
Page
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY (PACOP VIOLET)
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
Applied Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacologic
Emergencies Exam|| Questions and Answers
Spring Examination May 2026
1. The first priority step in the treatment of poisoned patient is:
A. Clinical evaluation
B. Prevention of further toxin absorption
C. Administration of antidote
D. Supportive care and clinical follow-up
E. Stabilization of the patient
✓ E. Stabilization of the patient
2. Characteristic odor of garlic detected on the poisoned patient's breath or clothing may
point toward exposure or poisoning of which of the following?
A. Cyanide
B. Hydrogen sulfide
C. Organophosphates
1
Page
D. Naphthalene
, E. Methyl salicylate
✓ C. Organophosphates
3. The term denotes the disposition of poisons in the body:
A. Toxicodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Toxicokinetics
D. Toxidrome
E. Clinical toxicology
✓ C. Toxicokinetics
4. The following are the four primary methods to prevent continued absorption of an oral
poison EXCEPT:
A. Induction of emesis with syrup of ipecac
B. Oral administration of MgO
C. Gastric lavage
D. Oral administration of activated charcoal
E. Whole bowel irrigation
✓ B. Oral administration of MgO
5. The difference between the serum concentrations of the major cations (Na+/K+) and
anions (HCO3-/Cl-); an increase of this value indicates the presence of extra anions and
is most commonly caused by metabolic acidosis:
2
A. Osmolar gap
Page
B. Anion gap
, C. Cation gap
D. Osmosis gap
E. Metabolic gap
✓ B. Anion gap
6. Hepatic lipid accumulation can occur as the result of one or more of the following,
EXCEPT:
A. Increased fatty acid supply to the liver
B. Increased fatty acid transporter expression
C. Increased de novo fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis
D. Increased fatty acid oxidation
E. Decreased synthesis and/or secretion of VLDL
✓ D. Increased fatty acid oxidation
7. Characteristic odor of bitter almond detected on the poisoned patient's breath or
clothing may point toward exposure or poisoning of which of the following?
A. Cyanide
B. Hydrogen sulfide
C. Organophosphates
D. Naphthalene
E. Methyl salicylate
✓ Cyanide
3
Page
8. Denotes the injurious effects of toxins and is very important in the diagnosis and
management of poisoning:
, A. Toxicodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Toxicokinetics
D. Toxidrome
E. Clinical toxicology
✓ Toxicodynamics
9. Which of the following plants may cause nausea, emesis, hypertension, and
bradycardia on ingestion?
A. Veratum californicum
B. Convallaria majalis
C. Digitalis purpurea
D. Ricinus communis
E. Podophyllum peltatum
✓ Veratum californicum
10. For many years, orally administered activated charcoal has been routinely
incorporated into the initial treatment of a patient poisoned by the oral route. The term
"activated" means:
A. Inorganic impurities are removed on the charcoal to prevent intoxication
B. The charcoal has been specifically processed to be more efficient at adsorbing toxins
C. The charcoal is sterilized to increase effectiveness
D. The charcoal comes from a synthetic source
E. The charcoal is converted to its active form when exposed into the acidic pH of the
4
stomach
Page
