N212 Review of Pathophysiology
(REVISED) Unit Test #1
■ Sinusitis; same presenting symptoms, but what
differentiates them
● Viral vs bacterial vs allergies
○ Signs and symptoms
○ Treatments (antivirals, antibiotics, etc.)
■ Antibiotics: finish full course despite improvement,
improvements within 24-48 hours
■ What does it mean when nasal congestion does
not improve?
● Can be an indication of sinusitis
■ Know the formula for fluid resuscitation in burns
■ Burns
● Complications
○ Respiratory (stridor)
○ Hyperkalemia (3.5 to 5 = normal K range)
○ Cholecystitis
● Treatments
○ Broad spectrum antibiotics (prophylactic)
○ Pain (opioid)
○ Anxiety (benzo)
● Gasoline burns
○ Decontaminate 1st
○ ABC’s 2nd
■ Brand name for albuterol
● Proventil
● Ventolin
■ Anaphylactic reaction
● Treatment
○ Epinephrine
■ Use 1st
■ IV for patients needing CPR
○ Antihistamine (diphenhydramine; Benadryl)
■ Causes drowsiness
■ Non-drowsy
● Claritin (loratadine)
● Zyrtec (cetirizine)
● Allegra (fexofenadine)
■ Fluticasone (or Flonase)
● Drug class: corticosteroid
○ Complication
■ Rebound sinusitis
● Side effects (common vs severe)
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, ■ Osteoarthritis: damage to cartilage in bones that
progressively worsen
● Assessment findings
○ Crepitus
■ Pancreatitis
● Labs
○ CMP
○ Elevated Amylase and lipase
■ Usually 2-3x higher than normal= permanent
damage
○ Elevated Blood glucose
■ If high enough, give insulin
● Signs and symptoms
○ Fever
○ Abdominal pain
○ Nausea and vomiting
● Treatments
■ Gastritis
● Patient education
○ Avoid spicy foods
■ IBS
● Low FODMAP diet: limits intake of foods high in fructose
(processed foods and beverages)
○ Avoid short chained carbs
○ Avoid dried fruits
○ Fruits like bananas, raspberries, oranges, strawberries,
spinach, carrots, pumpkin and potatoes are more tolerable
(high in glucose)
■ Crohn’s disease
● Diet
○ Low lactose, low fat, low fiber
○ Parental nutrition
■ Prep solution by setting it out to set for room
temperature 1 hr. prior to feeding
■ Discard after 24 hrs.
■ Speeding the flow rate of feeding can cause
hyperglycemia
● Surgery is more frequent compared to UC
● Usually begins in the ilium with scattered lesions throughout the
bowel
○ Use easier terms for patient education (“patchwork quilt
in the intestine with clear areas and areas with lesions”)
Downloaded by patrick kaylian ()
(REVISED) Unit Test #1
■ Sinusitis; same presenting symptoms, but what
differentiates them
● Viral vs bacterial vs allergies
○ Signs and symptoms
○ Treatments (antivirals, antibiotics, etc.)
■ Antibiotics: finish full course despite improvement,
improvements within 24-48 hours
■ What does it mean when nasal congestion does
not improve?
● Can be an indication of sinusitis
■ Know the formula for fluid resuscitation in burns
■ Burns
● Complications
○ Respiratory (stridor)
○ Hyperkalemia (3.5 to 5 = normal K range)
○ Cholecystitis
● Treatments
○ Broad spectrum antibiotics (prophylactic)
○ Pain (opioid)
○ Anxiety (benzo)
● Gasoline burns
○ Decontaminate 1st
○ ABC’s 2nd
■ Brand name for albuterol
● Proventil
● Ventolin
■ Anaphylactic reaction
● Treatment
○ Epinephrine
■ Use 1st
■ IV for patients needing CPR
○ Antihistamine (diphenhydramine; Benadryl)
■ Causes drowsiness
■ Non-drowsy
● Claritin (loratadine)
● Zyrtec (cetirizine)
● Allegra (fexofenadine)
■ Fluticasone (or Flonase)
● Drug class: corticosteroid
○ Complication
■ Rebound sinusitis
● Side effects (common vs severe)
Downloaded by patrick kaylian ()
, ■ Osteoarthritis: damage to cartilage in bones that
progressively worsen
● Assessment findings
○ Crepitus
■ Pancreatitis
● Labs
○ CMP
○ Elevated Amylase and lipase
■ Usually 2-3x higher than normal= permanent
damage
○ Elevated Blood glucose
■ If high enough, give insulin
● Signs and symptoms
○ Fever
○ Abdominal pain
○ Nausea and vomiting
● Treatments
■ Gastritis
● Patient education
○ Avoid spicy foods
■ IBS
● Low FODMAP diet: limits intake of foods high in fructose
(processed foods and beverages)
○ Avoid short chained carbs
○ Avoid dried fruits
○ Fruits like bananas, raspberries, oranges, strawberries,
spinach, carrots, pumpkin and potatoes are more tolerable
(high in glucose)
■ Crohn’s disease
● Diet
○ Low lactose, low fat, low fiber
○ Parental nutrition
■ Prep solution by setting it out to set for room
temperature 1 hr. prior to feeding
■ Discard after 24 hrs.
■ Speeding the flow rate of feeding can cause
hyperglycemia
● Surgery is more frequent compared to UC
● Usually begins in the ilium with scattered lesions throughout the
bowel
○ Use easier terms for patient education (“patchwork quilt
in the intestine with clear areas and areas with lesions”)
Downloaded by patrick kaylian ()
