BIOMECHANICS TEST 3 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
1) The objective of adaptive remodeling is to maintain bone cell alignment and
structural density so that typical daily loads produce strains of ____-____ με --
Answer ✔✔ 400-1000
2) bone remodeling is an ____ response as soon as osteocytes are damaged, they
signal osteoclasts -- Answer ✔✔ immediate
3) A curved bone deforms in a p_______ direction.
Increasing the magnitude of ____ causes an increase in the osteogenic stimulus. --
Answer ✔✔ predictable, loading
4) Measure bone density with _____ -- Answer ✔✔ dexa
5) Bones with osteoporosis are b____ and t____ -- Answer ✔✔ brittle, thin
,6) _____ ____ reduce friction in the joint -- Answer ✔✔ articular cartilage
7) Chondrocytes are encased by pericellular matrix and together they are termed
_____ -- Answer ✔✔ chondron
8) Chondrons transmit biochemical and biomechanical signals to maintain the
structure of the _____ cartilage -- Answer ✔✔ articular
9) _____ _____ defines the biochemical and biomechanical communication
between articular cartilage and subchondral bone -- Answer ✔✔ osteochondral
junction
10) A high number of nerves and blood vessels arise from the s______ trabecular
bone and traverse thru the subchondral bone plate into the calcified cartilage
region. -- Answer ✔✔ subchondral
11) ___ ____ is a thick, viscous fluid with the consistency of egg yolk and is
composed of hyaluronic acid and lubricin, proteinases, and collagenases.
Hyaluronic acid and lubricin have a high affinity to adhere to the articular surface
on the exterior surface of the ______ cartilage -- Answer ✔✔ synovial fluid,
articular
12) Rabbit test results
1. cortical bone on the ends of bones were _____
2. cancellous bone became _____
3. cartilage was ___ or non-existent -- Answer ✔✔ thickened,
brittle, thin
13) Radin's sheep: walking them daily on _____ and housing them on ____ Changes:
1. articular cartilage ____ or was non-existent
2. subchondral cortical bone ____
3. ____ pattern of cancellous bone was altered
, 4. the increased cortical thickness and altered trabecular
alignment ___ the bone -- Answer ✔✔ concrete, tarmac,
thinned, thickened, trabecular, stiffened
14) _____ is better with loading bones and joints -- Answer ✔✔ cycling
15) Physical educators should follow these principles to optimize healthy bone
loading:
1. Children should perform ___-____ jumps / day, for 5 days/week.
2. Different types of jumps should be performed each ___ or each week. For
example: week 1 - jumping rope, week 2 - hopping...., week 3 - shuttle run...
3. ____ loads are not as effective as dynamic loads.
4. Spreading the activity over ___-___ days is far more effective than doing the
jumping/hopping activity all in one day. -- Answer ✔✔ 120-200, day, static, 3-5
16) Sarcomeres experience strain yield point at ___% -- Answer ✔✔ 3
17) Biomechanical Descriptors of the Mechanisms of Injury
• Minimum t____ for neuromuscular system to respond to a stimulus.
• Magnitude of f____.
• R___ of force application.
• P____ of force application.
• D____ of force application.
• N____ of repetitions of loading.
• State of t_____ (de-trained, immobilized, over-trained).
• Critical l_____ of the tissue (warm-up, previous injury).
• Magnitude of muscular p_____. -- Answer ✔✔ time, force, rate, point,
direction, number, training, limits, preactivation
18) The minimum time of the neuromuscular system to respond to a stimulus is ___-
____ ms -- Answer ✔✔ 80-200
19) Reflex responses
SOLUTIONS
1) The objective of adaptive remodeling is to maintain bone cell alignment and
structural density so that typical daily loads produce strains of ____-____ με --
Answer ✔✔ 400-1000
2) bone remodeling is an ____ response as soon as osteocytes are damaged, they
signal osteoclasts -- Answer ✔✔ immediate
3) A curved bone deforms in a p_______ direction.
Increasing the magnitude of ____ causes an increase in the osteogenic stimulus. --
Answer ✔✔ predictable, loading
4) Measure bone density with _____ -- Answer ✔✔ dexa
5) Bones with osteoporosis are b____ and t____ -- Answer ✔✔ brittle, thin
,6) _____ ____ reduce friction in the joint -- Answer ✔✔ articular cartilage
7) Chondrocytes are encased by pericellular matrix and together they are termed
_____ -- Answer ✔✔ chondron
8) Chondrons transmit biochemical and biomechanical signals to maintain the
structure of the _____ cartilage -- Answer ✔✔ articular
9) _____ _____ defines the biochemical and biomechanical communication
between articular cartilage and subchondral bone -- Answer ✔✔ osteochondral
junction
10) A high number of nerves and blood vessels arise from the s______ trabecular
bone and traverse thru the subchondral bone plate into the calcified cartilage
region. -- Answer ✔✔ subchondral
11) ___ ____ is a thick, viscous fluid with the consistency of egg yolk and is
composed of hyaluronic acid and lubricin, proteinases, and collagenases.
Hyaluronic acid and lubricin have a high affinity to adhere to the articular surface
on the exterior surface of the ______ cartilage -- Answer ✔✔ synovial fluid,
articular
12) Rabbit test results
1. cortical bone on the ends of bones were _____
2. cancellous bone became _____
3. cartilage was ___ or non-existent -- Answer ✔✔ thickened,
brittle, thin
13) Radin's sheep: walking them daily on _____ and housing them on ____ Changes:
1. articular cartilage ____ or was non-existent
2. subchondral cortical bone ____
3. ____ pattern of cancellous bone was altered
, 4. the increased cortical thickness and altered trabecular
alignment ___ the bone -- Answer ✔✔ concrete, tarmac,
thinned, thickened, trabecular, stiffened
14) _____ is better with loading bones and joints -- Answer ✔✔ cycling
15) Physical educators should follow these principles to optimize healthy bone
loading:
1. Children should perform ___-____ jumps / day, for 5 days/week.
2. Different types of jumps should be performed each ___ or each week. For
example: week 1 - jumping rope, week 2 - hopping...., week 3 - shuttle run...
3. ____ loads are not as effective as dynamic loads.
4. Spreading the activity over ___-___ days is far more effective than doing the
jumping/hopping activity all in one day. -- Answer ✔✔ 120-200, day, static, 3-5
16) Sarcomeres experience strain yield point at ___% -- Answer ✔✔ 3
17) Biomechanical Descriptors of the Mechanisms of Injury
• Minimum t____ for neuromuscular system to respond to a stimulus.
• Magnitude of f____.
• R___ of force application.
• P____ of force application.
• D____ of force application.
• N____ of repetitions of loading.
• State of t_____ (de-trained, immobilized, over-trained).
• Critical l_____ of the tissue (warm-up, previous injury).
• Magnitude of muscular p_____. -- Answer ✔✔ time, force, rate, point,
direction, number, training, limits, preactivation
18) The minimum time of the neuromuscular system to respond to a stimulus is ___-
____ ms -- Answer ✔✔ 80-200
19) Reflex responses
