NRSG 2500 Exam 3 Questions With
Correct Answers
__________ is a life-threatening condition that results from inadequate tissue
| | | | | | | | | |
perfusion. Many conditions may cause this; irrespective of the cause, tissue
| | | | | | | | | | |
hypoperfusion prevents adequate oxygen delivery to cells, leading to cell
| | | | | | | | | |
dysfunction and death. | |
Shock
What is the most life-threatening form of sepsis?
| | | | | | |
Septic shock |
If shock is not effectively treated, __________, which is the presence of altered
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
function of two or more organs in an acutely ill patient such that interventions
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
are necessary to support continued organ function may ensure, often resulting in
| | | | | | | | | | | |
patient death. |
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
| | | |
True or false: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) may be a
| | | | | | | | | | |
complication of any form of shock but is most commonly seen in patients with
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
sepsis
True
,Shock can best be defined as:
| | | | |
A clinical syndrome that results from inadequate tissue perfusion, creating an
| | | | | | | | | | |
imbalance between the delivery of oxygen and nutrients needed to support
| | | | | | | | | | |
cellular function |
Adequate blood flow to the tissues and cells requires __________, __________,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and __________. If one of these components is impaired, perfusion to the tissues
| | | | | | | | | | | |
is threatened or compromised. Without treatment, inadequate blood flow to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cells results in poor delivery of oxygen and nutrients, cellular hypoxia, and cell
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
death that progresses to organ dysfunction and eventually death.
| | | | | | | |
An effective cardiac pump, adequate vasculature or circulatory system, and
| | | | | | | | | |
sufficient blood volume. | |
True or false: shock affects all body systems
| | | | | | |
True
True or false: any insult to the body can create a cascade of events resulting in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
poor tissue perfusion. Therefore, any patient with any disease state may be at risk
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
for developing shock.
| | |
True
,Regardless of the type of shock, certain physiologic responses are common to all
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
types of shock. These physiologic responses include:
| | | | | |
Hypoperfusion of tissues, hypermetabolism, and activation of the inflammatory
| | | | | | | | |
response
The body responds to shock states by activating the sympathetic nervous system
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and mounting a hypermetabolic and inflammatory response. __________ is the
| | | | | | | | | |
final pathway of all shock states and results in end-organ dysfunction and death.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Failure of compensatory mechanisms to effectively restore physiologic balance
| | | | | | | |
Energy metabolism occurs within the cell, where nutrients are chemically broken
| | | | | | | | | | |
down and stored in the form of __________. Cells use this stored energy to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
perform necessary functions, such as active transport, muscle contraction, and
| | | | | | | | | |
biochemical synthesis, as well as specialized cellular functions, such as the
| | | | | | | | | | |
conduction of electrical impulses. | | |
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | |
True or false: although ATP can be synthesized aerobically (in the presence of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
oxygen) or anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen), aerobic metabolism yields far
| | | | | | | | | | |
greater amounts of ATP per mole of glucose than does anaerobic metabolism.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
True
, True or false: not only does aerobic metabolism of ATP per mole of glucose than
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
does anaerobic metabolism, but anaerobic metabolism results in the
| | | | | | | | |
accumulation of the toxic end product lactic acid, which must be removed from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the cell and transported to the liver for conversion into glucose and glycogen.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
True
The pathophysiology of shock involves:
| | | |
Cellular changes, vascular responses, and changes in blood pressure
| | | | | | | |
In shock, the cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
nutrients; therefore, they must produce energy through __________. This results
| | | | | | | | | |
in low-energy yields from nutrients and an acidotic intracellular environment.
| | | | | | | | | |
Because of these changes, __________ ceases.
| | | | |
Anaerobic metabolism; normal cell function
| | | |
What cellular changes occur in shock?
| | | | |
The cell swells and the cell membrane becomes more permeable, allowing
| | | | | | | | | | |
electrolytes and fluids to seep out of and into the cell. The sodium-potassium
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
pump becomes impaired; cell structures, primarily the mitochondria are
| | | | | | | | |
damaged, and death of the cell results
| | | | | |
Correct Answers
__________ is a life-threatening condition that results from inadequate tissue
| | | | | | | | | |
perfusion. Many conditions may cause this; irrespective of the cause, tissue
| | | | | | | | | | |
hypoperfusion prevents adequate oxygen delivery to cells, leading to cell
| | | | | | | | | |
dysfunction and death. | |
Shock
What is the most life-threatening form of sepsis?
| | | | | | |
Septic shock |
If shock is not effectively treated, __________, which is the presence of altered
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
function of two or more organs in an acutely ill patient such that interventions
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
are necessary to support continued organ function may ensure, often resulting in
| | | | | | | | | | | |
patient death. |
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
| | | |
True or false: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) may be a
| | | | | | | | | | |
complication of any form of shock but is most commonly seen in patients with
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
sepsis
True
,Shock can best be defined as:
| | | | |
A clinical syndrome that results from inadequate tissue perfusion, creating an
| | | | | | | | | | |
imbalance between the delivery of oxygen and nutrients needed to support
| | | | | | | | | | |
cellular function |
Adequate blood flow to the tissues and cells requires __________, __________,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and __________. If one of these components is impaired, perfusion to the tissues
| | | | | | | | | | | |
is threatened or compromised. Without treatment, inadequate blood flow to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cells results in poor delivery of oxygen and nutrients, cellular hypoxia, and cell
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
death that progresses to organ dysfunction and eventually death.
| | | | | | | |
An effective cardiac pump, adequate vasculature or circulatory system, and
| | | | | | | | | |
sufficient blood volume. | |
True or false: shock affects all body systems
| | | | | | |
True
True or false: any insult to the body can create a cascade of events resulting in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
poor tissue perfusion. Therefore, any patient with any disease state may be at risk
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
for developing shock.
| | |
True
,Regardless of the type of shock, certain physiologic responses are common to all
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
types of shock. These physiologic responses include:
| | | | | |
Hypoperfusion of tissues, hypermetabolism, and activation of the inflammatory
| | | | | | | | |
response
The body responds to shock states by activating the sympathetic nervous system
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and mounting a hypermetabolic and inflammatory response. __________ is the
| | | | | | | | | |
final pathway of all shock states and results in end-organ dysfunction and death.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Failure of compensatory mechanisms to effectively restore physiologic balance
| | | | | | | |
Energy metabolism occurs within the cell, where nutrients are chemically broken
| | | | | | | | | | |
down and stored in the form of __________. Cells use this stored energy to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
perform necessary functions, such as active transport, muscle contraction, and
| | | | | | | | | |
biochemical synthesis, as well as specialized cellular functions, such as the
| | | | | | | | | | |
conduction of electrical impulses. | | |
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | |
True or false: although ATP can be synthesized aerobically (in the presence of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
oxygen) or anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen), aerobic metabolism yields far
| | | | | | | | | | |
greater amounts of ATP per mole of glucose than does anaerobic metabolism.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
True
, True or false: not only does aerobic metabolism of ATP per mole of glucose than
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
does anaerobic metabolism, but anaerobic metabolism results in the
| | | | | | | | |
accumulation of the toxic end product lactic acid, which must be removed from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the cell and transported to the liver for conversion into glucose and glycogen.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
True
The pathophysiology of shock involves:
| | | |
Cellular changes, vascular responses, and changes in blood pressure
| | | | | | | |
In shock, the cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
nutrients; therefore, they must produce energy through __________. This results
| | | | | | | | | |
in low-energy yields from nutrients and an acidotic intracellular environment.
| | | | | | | | | |
Because of these changes, __________ ceases.
| | | | |
Anaerobic metabolism; normal cell function
| | | |
What cellular changes occur in shock?
| | | | |
The cell swells and the cell membrane becomes more permeable, allowing
| | | | | | | | | | |
electrolytes and fluids to seep out of and into the cell. The sodium-potassium
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
pump becomes impaired; cell structures, primarily the mitochondria are
| | | | | | | | |
damaged, and death of the cell results
| | | | | |
