HIST 262 IN-CLASS QUIZ QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

HIST 262 IN-CLASS QUIZ QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Burke insists that the historical foundations of France were fundamentally sound, and thus the revolution of 1789 was unnecessary. Where does he chiefly place the strength of the French government prior to 1789? - Answers All of these things. Burke argues that in 1789 the Third Estate—the commons—was chiefly composed of - Answers Provincial lawyers According to Burke, the clergy who had belonged to the First Estate but chose to join the commons in the summer of 1789 were mostly - Answers All of these things. In Burke's view, the "first principle" of social relations—and thus of government—is that - Answers People first form an attachment to a small social unit—family, guild, community—which serves as a model for all social relations. Burke endorses which of the following precepts from ancient Greece? - Answers Socrates' assertion that shoemakers and fishmongers are not best suited to rule, collectively or individually Burke insists that once men have entered into a compact to live in a civil society, they have all of the following rights except - Answers The right to share in the direction and management of the state Burke says that the structure of government should not proceed from abstract principles such as "natural rights" because - Answers All of these things The deliberations of the National Assembly, Burke insists, are a "farce." That is because - Answers All of these things Burke regards the two bulwarks of any civilization as being - Answers A spirit of religion and gentlemanliness. According to Burke, the delegates to the National Assembly - Answers All of these things Jacobins had justified the confiscation of church property (Decree on Church Lands) for all of the following official reasons EXCEPT - Answers Religious belief is little more than unfounded superstition. Burke insists that the tyranny of the revolutionary government is worse than the monarchy chiefly because - Answers The National Assembly represents the will of a volatile multitude, unchecked by institutions or moral traditions. Burke argues that the French Revolution was wrong because - Answers The monarchy was flawed but capable of being reformed. Burke claims that the people of revolutionary France are not free, despite their rhetoric of freedom and liberty, "their grand swelling sentiments of liberty," because - Answers All of these things "Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains." Thus Rousseau famously begins Chapter 1. What he means by the last phrase is that - Answers People everywhere are subjected to the will of their rulers. Chapters 3 and 4 allude to Thomas Hobbes, the English political theorist who contended in Leviathan (1651) that in a state of nature no one has security. Man's passions inevitably ignite "a war of all against all." The lives of all people, consequently, are "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." (Hobbes's phrase is as famous as Rousseau's. Hobbes argued that monarchy emerged out of necessity as fearful people banded together and placed themselves under the authority of a powerful protector—a leviathan. This original "social contract" was simple: people entered into a contract with this protector who provided them with security; they provided him with their lives and resources. Such rule evolved into the hereditary monarchies that governed most of the world. Here Rousseau argues that Hobbes was wrong because - Answers All of these things In Chapter 6, Rousseau restates the issue he raised in Book 1: "How to find a form of association which will defend the person and goods of each member with the collective force of all, and under which each individual, while uniting himself with the others, obeys no one but himself, and remains as free as before." In other words, Rousseau hopes to find a type of society in which - Answers People can derive the benefits of living together and yet retain their freedom. Rousseau constructs a "social contract" that is entirely different from that of Hobbes. Whereas Hobbes proposes that fearful people surrender all of their rights to a powerful warlord, Rousseau proposes that, to form his type of social contract, - Answers People must surrender all of their rights to the whole community. In Chapter 7, Rousseau refers to "the Sovereign." By the sovereign, he means - Answers The general will of a polity According to Rousseau, the "will of all" refers to - Answers The sum of the selfish—or self-interested—decisions of a group of people. Which of the following is most nearly an example of the "general will" as Rousseau defines the term? - Answers The decision of three hundred Spartan soldiers in 480 BCE to sacrifice their lives holding the pass at Thermopylae in Greece to slow the Persian invasion and save their city In his First Discourse, Rousseau claims to prefer the simple life as found in the state of nature to the artificiality and sterility of contemporary France. In Chapter 8 (Book 1 of The Social Contract), Rousseau argues that a community governed by the General Will is preferable to the absolute freedom one might experience running around naked in the woods. People governed by the General Will - Answers All of these things Among political theorists in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, "property" usual- ly referred to land, the source of nearly all wealth. English political theorist John Locke contended in his Second Treatise on Government (1689) that a man's property was a constituent element of his political identity: a man without property was not free, because he depended on someone else to give him work or income. Free men consequently could contract with a government to perform services for them, but that government could never take their property; such an action would be tantamount to transforming them into slaves. Rousseau has a very different argument about property. Which of the following is not consistent with Rousseau's views on property as expressed in Chapter 9? - Answers When people join a Rousseauian social contract, they retain their land as a source of their political identity. In Book II of The Social Contract, Rousseau defines "sovereignty" as "the exercise of the general will." He adds that "power may be delegated, but the will cannot be." By this he means that a community operating under the rules of his "general will" may do all of the following except - Answers Establish multiple legislatures—like the House of Representatives and the Senate—to prevent the General Will from possessing unchecked power. Rousseau declares that the General Will never infringes on the rights of its members because - Answers All of these things In Chapters 3 through 6, Rousseau writes that "the general will is always rightful," that its decisions "will always be good," and that its influence is "wholly absolute, wholly sacred, wholly inviolable." By this he means that - Answers People, acting according to the selfless requirements of the General Will, always act virtuously— by definition The "lawgiver," according to Rousseau, is a necessary element of his "social contract" because - Answers Although the people constituting a Rousseauian social contract are virtuous, they may lack technical skills in finding solutions; the lawgiver provides technical assistance. Rousseau writes that the social contract may be obliged to execute or imprison someone who violates its laws; in so doing, the community—governed by the General Will—has not deprived that criminal of his freedom. Rather, it has "forced" that person "to be free." How? - Answers All of these things Clothing had symbolic meanings in eighteenth-century France. Guild members wore distinctive clothing, as did noblemen and Catholic clergy. When the three Estates were called to meet at Versailles in May 1789, members of the Third Estate—the commons— were humiliated because they were obliged to wear costumes of - Answers Somber black The "Tennis Court Oath" of June 20, 1789, is significant because - Answers It committed the National Assembly to drafting a constitution, even against opposition Which of the following persons supported the king in his wish to suppress the National Assembly? - Answers The Count of Artois, younger brother of the king