Anatomy and Physiology II Final Exam 2026 | Verified
Practice Questions
1. Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Spleen
Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, which directly regulate blood glucose
levels.
2. What is the main function of the alveoli?
Answer: Gas exchange between air and blood
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny lung sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse.
3. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Insulin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.
4. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Answer: Nephron
Rationale: The nephron filters blood and forms urine.
5. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Answer: Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and balance.
6. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Answer: Arteries
Rationale: Arteries transport blood away from the heart under high pressure.
, 7. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Answer: Oxygen transport via hemoglobin
Rationale: RBCs carry oxygen from lungs to tissues.
8. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Answer: Epiglottis
Rationale: The epiglottis closes during swallowing.
9. What is the role of the large intestine?
Answer: Water absorption and feces formation
Rationale: It absorbs water and compacts waste.
10. Which hormone regulates metabolism?
Answer: Thyroxine (T4)
Rationale: Produced by thyroid gland, it controls metabolic rate.
11. What is systole?
Answer: Contraction phase of the heart
Rationale: Blood is pumped out during systole.
12. Which immunity type is acquired after vaccination?
Answer: Active immunity
Rationale: Vaccines stimulate antibody production.
13. What is the main function of platelets?
Answer: Blood clotting
Rationale: Platelets form clots to stop bleeding.
14. Which organ produces bile?
Answer: Liver
Rationale: Bile helps digest fats.
15. Where does fertilization normally occur?
Answer: Fallopian tube (oviduct)
Rationale: Sperm meets egg in the ampulla region.
16. What is the role of insulin?
Answer: Lowers blood glucose
Practice Questions
1. Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Spleen
Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, which directly regulate blood glucose
levels.
2. What is the main function of the alveoli?
Answer: Gas exchange between air and blood
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny lung sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse.
3. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Insulin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.
4. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Answer: Nephron
Rationale: The nephron filters blood and forms urine.
5. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Answer: Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and balance.
6. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Answer: Arteries
Rationale: Arteries transport blood away from the heart under high pressure.
, 7. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Answer: Oxygen transport via hemoglobin
Rationale: RBCs carry oxygen from lungs to tissues.
8. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Answer: Epiglottis
Rationale: The epiglottis closes during swallowing.
9. What is the role of the large intestine?
Answer: Water absorption and feces formation
Rationale: It absorbs water and compacts waste.
10. Which hormone regulates metabolism?
Answer: Thyroxine (T4)
Rationale: Produced by thyroid gland, it controls metabolic rate.
11. What is systole?
Answer: Contraction phase of the heart
Rationale: Blood is pumped out during systole.
12. Which immunity type is acquired after vaccination?
Answer: Active immunity
Rationale: Vaccines stimulate antibody production.
13. What is the main function of platelets?
Answer: Blood clotting
Rationale: Platelets form clots to stop bleeding.
14. Which organ produces bile?
Answer: Liver
Rationale: Bile helps digest fats.
15. Where does fertilization normally occur?
Answer: Fallopian tube (oviduct)
Rationale: Sperm meets egg in the ampulla region.
16. What is the role of insulin?
Answer: Lowers blood glucose
