MEDSURG: DIABETES: TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
1) The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin.
What would the nurse teach the patient about how this medication works?
1. Increases insulin production from the pancreas.
2. Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine.
3. Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin
sensitivity.
4. Increases insulin release from the pancreas and inhibits glucagon
secretion.-- Answer ✔✔ 3. Reduces glucose production by the
liver and enhances insulin sensitivity.
2) A person with type 2 diabetes has a urinary tract infection (UTI), is difficult to
arouse, and has a glucose level of 642 mg/dL. When the nurse assesses the urine,
there are no ketones present. What nursing action is appropriate?
1. Routine insulin therapy and exercise
2. Administer a different antibiotic for the UTI
3. Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes
4. Administer IV fluids rapidly to correct dehydration -- Answer
✔✔ 3. Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes
,3) A patient, admitted with diabetes, has a glucose level of 580 mg/dL and a
moderate level of ketones in the urine. As the nurse assesses for signs and
symptoms of ketoacidosis, which respiratory pattern would the nurse expect to
find?
1. Central apnea
2. Hypoventilation
3. Kussmaul respirations
4. Cheyne- stokes respirations -- Answer ✔✔ 3. Kussmaul
respirations
4) The nurse caring for a person hospitalized with diabetes would look for which
laboratory test result to obtain information on their past glucose control?
1. Prealbumin level
2. Urine ketone level
3. Fasting glucose level
4. Glycosylated hemoglobin level -- Answer ✔✔ 4. Glycosylated
hemoglobin level
5) The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with a 15-year history of
type 2 diabetes. Which result reflects the expected pattern accompanying
macrovascular disease as a complication of diabetes?
1. Increased triglyceride levels
2. Increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
3. Decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
4. Decreased very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) -- Answer ✔✔
1. Increased triglyceride levels
6) A patient with diabetes is scheduled for a fasting glucose level at 8:00 AM. The
nurse teaches the patient to only drink water after what time?
1. 6:00 PM on the evening before the test
2. Midnight before the test
3. 4:00 AM on the day of the test
4. 7:00 AM on the day of the test -- Answer ✔✔ 2. Midnight
before the test
,7) The nurse is assisting a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to learn
dietary planning as part of the initial management of diabetes. The nurse would
encourage the patient to limit intake of which foods to help reduce the percent of
fat in the diet?
1. Cheese
2. Broccoli
3. Chicken
4. Oranges -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Cheese
8) A person with type 1 diabetes reports a headache, changes in vision, and being
anxious. A portable glucose monitor is not available. Which action would the
nurse advise the patient to take?
1. Eat a piece of pizza.
2. Drink some diet pop.
3. Eat 15 g of simple carbohydrates.
4. Take an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin. -- Answer ✔✔ 3. Eat
15 g of simple carbohydrates.
9) The nurse is teaching a patient who has diabetes about vascular complications of
diabetes. What information is appropriate for the nurse to include?
1. Macroangiopathy only occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes
who have severe disease.
2. Microangiopathy most often affects the capillary membranes of
the eyes, kidneys, and skin.
3. Macroangiopathy causes slowed gastric emptying and the sexual
impotency experienced by most patients with diabetes.
4. Renal damage resulting from changes in large- and medium-sized
blood vessels can be prevented by careful glucose control. --
Answer ✔✔ 2. Microangiopathy most often affects the capillary
membranes of the eyes, kidneys, and skin.
10) The nurse is teaching a patient with type 2 diabetes how to prevent diabetic
nephropathy. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been
successful?
1. "Smokeless tobacco products decrease the risk of kidney
damage."
, 2. "I can help control my blood pressure by avoiding foods high in
salt."
3. "I should have yearly dilated eye examinations by an
ophthalmologist."
4. "I will avoid hypoglycemia by keeping my blood sugar above 180
mg/dL." -- Answer ✔✔ 2. "I can help control my blood
pressure by avoiding foods high in salt."
11) The ADA recommends persons with type 2 diabetes should consume
1. Approximately 3,000 mg of salt a day
2. Between 2,500 mg to 3,000 mg of salt a day
3. Less than 2,300 mg of salt a day
4. More than 3,000 mg of slat a day. -- Answer ✔✔ 3. Less than
2,300 mg of salt a day
12) The nurse is assessing a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which
symptom reported by the patient correlates with the diagnosis?
1. Excessive thirst
2. Gradual weight gain
3. Overwhelming fatigue
4. Recurrent blurred vision -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Excessive thirst
13) A person with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse what "type 2" means. What is the
most appropriate response?
1. "With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes
inflamed."
2. "With type 2 diabetes, the person is totally dependent on an
outside source of insulin."
3. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased, and insulin
resistance is increased."
4. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces autoantibodies that
destroy β-cells in the pancreas." -- Answer ✔✔ 3. "With type 2
diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased, and insulin resistance is
increased."
SOLUTIONS
1) The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin.
What would the nurse teach the patient about how this medication works?
1. Increases insulin production from the pancreas.
2. Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine.
3. Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin
sensitivity.
4. Increases insulin release from the pancreas and inhibits glucagon
secretion.-- Answer ✔✔ 3. Reduces glucose production by the
liver and enhances insulin sensitivity.
2) A person with type 2 diabetes has a urinary tract infection (UTI), is difficult to
arouse, and has a glucose level of 642 mg/dL. When the nurse assesses the urine,
there are no ketones present. What nursing action is appropriate?
1. Routine insulin therapy and exercise
2. Administer a different antibiotic for the UTI
3. Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes
4. Administer IV fluids rapidly to correct dehydration -- Answer
✔✔ 3. Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes
,3) A patient, admitted with diabetes, has a glucose level of 580 mg/dL and a
moderate level of ketones in the urine. As the nurse assesses for signs and
symptoms of ketoacidosis, which respiratory pattern would the nurse expect to
find?
1. Central apnea
2. Hypoventilation
3. Kussmaul respirations
4. Cheyne- stokes respirations -- Answer ✔✔ 3. Kussmaul
respirations
4) The nurse caring for a person hospitalized with diabetes would look for which
laboratory test result to obtain information on their past glucose control?
1. Prealbumin level
2. Urine ketone level
3. Fasting glucose level
4. Glycosylated hemoglobin level -- Answer ✔✔ 4. Glycosylated
hemoglobin level
5) The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with a 15-year history of
type 2 diabetes. Which result reflects the expected pattern accompanying
macrovascular disease as a complication of diabetes?
1. Increased triglyceride levels
2. Increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
3. Decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
4. Decreased very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) -- Answer ✔✔
1. Increased triglyceride levels
6) A patient with diabetes is scheduled for a fasting glucose level at 8:00 AM. The
nurse teaches the patient to only drink water after what time?
1. 6:00 PM on the evening before the test
2. Midnight before the test
3. 4:00 AM on the day of the test
4. 7:00 AM on the day of the test -- Answer ✔✔ 2. Midnight
before the test
,7) The nurse is assisting a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to learn
dietary planning as part of the initial management of diabetes. The nurse would
encourage the patient to limit intake of which foods to help reduce the percent of
fat in the diet?
1. Cheese
2. Broccoli
3. Chicken
4. Oranges -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Cheese
8) A person with type 1 diabetes reports a headache, changes in vision, and being
anxious. A portable glucose monitor is not available. Which action would the
nurse advise the patient to take?
1. Eat a piece of pizza.
2. Drink some diet pop.
3. Eat 15 g of simple carbohydrates.
4. Take an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin. -- Answer ✔✔ 3. Eat
15 g of simple carbohydrates.
9) The nurse is teaching a patient who has diabetes about vascular complications of
diabetes. What information is appropriate for the nurse to include?
1. Macroangiopathy only occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes
who have severe disease.
2. Microangiopathy most often affects the capillary membranes of
the eyes, kidneys, and skin.
3. Macroangiopathy causes slowed gastric emptying and the sexual
impotency experienced by most patients with diabetes.
4. Renal damage resulting from changes in large- and medium-sized
blood vessels can be prevented by careful glucose control. --
Answer ✔✔ 2. Microangiopathy most often affects the capillary
membranes of the eyes, kidneys, and skin.
10) The nurse is teaching a patient with type 2 diabetes how to prevent diabetic
nephropathy. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been
successful?
1. "Smokeless tobacco products decrease the risk of kidney
damage."
, 2. "I can help control my blood pressure by avoiding foods high in
salt."
3. "I should have yearly dilated eye examinations by an
ophthalmologist."
4. "I will avoid hypoglycemia by keeping my blood sugar above 180
mg/dL." -- Answer ✔✔ 2. "I can help control my blood
pressure by avoiding foods high in salt."
11) The ADA recommends persons with type 2 diabetes should consume
1. Approximately 3,000 mg of salt a day
2. Between 2,500 mg to 3,000 mg of salt a day
3. Less than 2,300 mg of salt a day
4. More than 3,000 mg of slat a day. -- Answer ✔✔ 3. Less than
2,300 mg of salt a day
12) The nurse is assessing a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which
symptom reported by the patient correlates with the diagnosis?
1. Excessive thirst
2. Gradual weight gain
3. Overwhelming fatigue
4. Recurrent blurred vision -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Excessive thirst
13) A person with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse what "type 2" means. What is the
most appropriate response?
1. "With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes
inflamed."
2. "With type 2 diabetes, the person is totally dependent on an
outside source of insulin."
3. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased, and insulin
resistance is increased."
4. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces autoantibodies that
destroy β-cells in the pancreas." -- Answer ✔✔ 3. "With type 2
diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased, and insulin resistance is
increased."
