NAGELHOUT PHARMACOLOGY 1 EXAM 3
ASSESSMENT TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ FULL REVIEW
GUIDE
●● What is the precursor of enkephalins?
Answer: Proenkephalin A
●● What is the precursor to B-Endorphin?
Answer: Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)
●● What is the precursor to dynorphins?
Answer: Prodynorphin
●● Where are the endogenous opioids found?
Answer: Mostly in the CNS and also in the GI tract
●● What kind of signal does substance P transmit?
Answer: a pain signal
●● How do narcotics work?
,Answer: they cause inhibition of the release of pain neurotransmitters
and stimulate the opiate receptors (inhibit pain pathways and decrease
release of pain chemicals)
●● What are the three opioid receptors?
Answer: Mu, Kappa, and Delta
●● What are the effects of the Mu receptor?
Answer: analgesia, euphoria, sedation, physical dependence, depression
of respiration, miosis, constipation, urinary retention, bradycardia,
pruritis, skeletal muscle rigidity, biliary spasm
●● Effects of Kappa receptors?
Answer: analgesia, dysphoria, sedation, low abuse potential, miosis,
antishivering
●● Effects at delta receptor?
Answer: analgesia, physical dependence, depression of respiration,
constipation (minimal), urinary retention
●● Which two receptor sites stimulate respiratory depression?
Answer: Mu and Delta
●● Which receptor has antishivering properties?
, Answer: Kappa
●● What are agonists of the Mu receptor?
Answer: endorphins, morphine, synthetic opioids
●● What are agonists of the Kappa receptor?
Answer: Dynorphins
●● What are agonists of the delta receptor?
Answer: Enkephalins
●● What are antagonists at all receptor sites?
Answer: Naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene
●● Which drugs are naturally occurring and belong to the phenanthrene
alkaloids class?
Answer: Morphine, Codeine
●● What semisynthetic drugs belong to the phenanthrene class?
Answer: Heroin, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, and
Oxymorphone
ASSESSMENT TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ FULL REVIEW
GUIDE
●● What is the precursor of enkephalins?
Answer: Proenkephalin A
●● What is the precursor to B-Endorphin?
Answer: Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)
●● What is the precursor to dynorphins?
Answer: Prodynorphin
●● Where are the endogenous opioids found?
Answer: Mostly in the CNS and also in the GI tract
●● What kind of signal does substance P transmit?
Answer: a pain signal
●● How do narcotics work?
,Answer: they cause inhibition of the release of pain neurotransmitters
and stimulate the opiate receptors (inhibit pain pathways and decrease
release of pain chemicals)
●● What are the three opioid receptors?
Answer: Mu, Kappa, and Delta
●● What are the effects of the Mu receptor?
Answer: analgesia, euphoria, sedation, physical dependence, depression
of respiration, miosis, constipation, urinary retention, bradycardia,
pruritis, skeletal muscle rigidity, biliary spasm
●● Effects of Kappa receptors?
Answer: analgesia, dysphoria, sedation, low abuse potential, miosis,
antishivering
●● Effects at delta receptor?
Answer: analgesia, physical dependence, depression of respiration,
constipation (minimal), urinary retention
●● Which two receptor sites stimulate respiratory depression?
Answer: Mu and Delta
●● Which receptor has antishivering properties?
, Answer: Kappa
●● What are agonists of the Mu receptor?
Answer: endorphins, morphine, synthetic opioids
●● What are agonists of the Kappa receptor?
Answer: Dynorphins
●● What are agonists of the delta receptor?
Answer: Enkephalins
●● What are antagonists at all receptor sites?
Answer: Naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene
●● Which drugs are naturally occurring and belong to the phenanthrene
alkaloids class?
Answer: Morphine, Codeine
●● What semisynthetic drugs belong to the phenanthrene class?
Answer: Heroin, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, and
Oxymorphone
