NR 341 – Pharmacology CJE Exam Questions
and Answers (Latest Update 2026)
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Elderly patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-Elderly
patients experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? -Correct Answer
✔-Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in
elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Aging leads to decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood
flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Elderly patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin,
and decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-Elderly
patients experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? -Correct Answer ✔-Aging results in
decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? -Correct Answer ✔-
Weight/dose calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Pediatric patients have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying,
faster IM absorption, and thinner skin.
, What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? -Correct
Answer ✔-Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding,
increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? -Correct Answer ✔-
Pediatric patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older children may
have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric
patients? -Correct Answer ✔-Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function
lead to decreased drug excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? -Correct Answer ✔-Category
A: No risk to humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk
to animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal abnormalities
reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? -Correct
Answer ✔-Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication
concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? -Correct Answer ✔-
Right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation,
right reason or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? -Correct Answer ✔-Ensure
client safety, notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the
situation, and do not record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? -Correct
Answer ✔-Identify the overdose medication.
and Answers (Latest Update 2026)
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Elderly patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-Elderly
patients experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? -Correct Answer
✔-Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in
elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Aging leads to decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood
flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Elderly patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin,
and decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? -Correct Answer ✔-Elderly
patients experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? -Correct Answer ✔-Aging results in
decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? -Correct Answer ✔-
Weight/dose calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? -Correct Answer ✔-
Pediatric patients have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying,
faster IM absorption, and thinner skin.
, What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? -Correct
Answer ✔-Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding,
increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? -Correct Answer ✔-
Pediatric patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older children may
have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric
patients? -Correct Answer ✔-Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function
lead to decreased drug excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? -Correct Answer ✔-Category
A: No risk to humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk
to animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal abnormalities
reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? -Correct
Answer ✔-Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication
concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? -Correct Answer ✔-
Right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation,
right reason or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? -Correct Answer ✔-Ensure
client safety, notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the
situation, and do not record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? -Correct
Answer ✔-Identify the overdose medication.
