Cardiovascular System Anatomy & Physiology Complete Notes
A&P Study Guide for Nursing, Medical & Biology Students
Introduction:
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones,
and waste products throughout the body.
It consists of:
•Heart
•Blood vessels
•Blood
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Main Functions:
•Transport oxygen and nutrients
•Remove waste products
•Maintain blood pressure
•Regulate body temperature
•Protect against infections
Anatomy of the Heart:
The heart is a muscular organ located in the mediastinum between the lungs.
Layers of the Heart
Layer Function
Pericardium Protective outer covering
Myocardium Muscular layer responsible
, for pumping
Endocardium Inner lining of the heart
Chambers of the Heart:
The heart has four chambers.
Chamber Function
Right Atrium Receives deoxygenated
blood
Right Ventricle Pumps blood to lungs
Left Atrium Receives oxygenated blood
Left Ventricle Pumps blood to body
Heart Valves:
Valves prevent backflow of blood.
Valve Location
Tricuspid Valve Between right atrium
and ventricle
Pulmonary Valve Between right
ventricle and
pulmonary artery
Mitral Valve Between left atrium
and ventricle
Aortic Valve Between left
ventricle and aorta
Blood Flow Through the Heart:
Pathway of Blood Circulation
1. Body → Superior/Inferior vena cava
2. Right atrium
A&P Study Guide for Nursing, Medical & Biology Students
Introduction:
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones,
and waste products throughout the body.
It consists of:
•Heart
•Blood vessels
•Blood
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Main Functions:
•Transport oxygen and nutrients
•Remove waste products
•Maintain blood pressure
•Regulate body temperature
•Protect against infections
Anatomy of the Heart:
The heart is a muscular organ located in the mediastinum between the lungs.
Layers of the Heart
Layer Function
Pericardium Protective outer covering
Myocardium Muscular layer responsible
, for pumping
Endocardium Inner lining of the heart
Chambers of the Heart:
The heart has four chambers.
Chamber Function
Right Atrium Receives deoxygenated
blood
Right Ventricle Pumps blood to lungs
Left Atrium Receives oxygenated blood
Left Ventricle Pumps blood to body
Heart Valves:
Valves prevent backflow of blood.
Valve Location
Tricuspid Valve Between right atrium
and ventricle
Pulmonary Valve Between right
ventricle and
pulmonary artery
Mitral Valve Between left atrium
and ventricle
Aortic Valve Between left
ventricle and aorta
Blood Flow Through the Heart:
Pathway of Blood Circulation
1. Body → Superior/Inferior vena cava
2. Right atrium
