68W LPC Questions And Answers
Practice Questions with Solutions
Newest | Already Graded A+
1. Q: What are the three phases of Tactical Combat Casualty Care
(TCCC)?
A: Care Under Fire (CUF), Tactical Field Care (TFC), and Tactical
Evacuation Care (TACEVAC).
Rationale: TCCC phases are designed to match the tactical
situation. CUF occurs while under hostile fire; TFC happens once
the threat is suppressed; TACEVAC occurs during evacuation to a
higher level of care.
2. Q: In the Care Under Fire phase, what is the only acceptable
intervention for a hemorrhaging casualty?
A: Application of a tourniquet (if needed) and moving the casualty
to cover.
Rationale: In CUF, the medic cannot perform detailed
interventions. Only hemorrhage control with a tourniquet (if life-
threatening extremity bleeding) and rapid movement to safety is
permitted.
3. Q: What is the immediate priority in Tactical Field Care after
ensuring the casualty has no active hemorrhage?
A: Airway management.
Rationale: TFC follows the MARCH algorithm: Massive
,hemorrhage, Airway, Respiratory, Circulation, Hypothermia
prevention. After bleeding is controlled, airway is next.
4. Q: When should a tourniquet be converted to a pressure
dressing or wound packing in the prehospital setting?
A: Only if the tourniquet has been in place for less than 2 hours
and bleeding can be controlled by other means.
Rationale: Tourniquets left >2 hours risk permanent limb
damage. During TACEVAC or en route care, conversion may be
attempted if the casualty is stable and the tactical situation allows.
5. Q: What is the correct placement for a junctional tourniquet
(e.g., for groin or axilla hemorrhage)?
A: Directly over the bleeding site, compressing the wound against
the pelvic bone or rib cage.
Rationale: Junctional tourniquets are designed for hemorrhage
not amenable to standard tourniquets. Proper placement ensures
compression of the deep vessels (e.g., common femoral artery).
6. Q: A casualty has an open neck wound with air bubbling. What
immediate intervention do you perform?
A: Apply an occlusive dressing taped on three sides.
Rationale: This creates a one-way valve to prevent air embolism
while allowing trapped air to escape. A completely sealed dressing
could cause tension pneumothorax.
7. Q: What is the first-line treatment for suspected tension
pneumothorax in a combat casualty?
A: Needle decompression (14-gauge, 3.25-inch needle) in the 2nd
intercostal space, midclavicular line (or 5th intercostal space,
anterior axillary line for thicker chest walls).
Rationale: Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition.
,Needle decompression relieves trapped intrapleural air and
restores cardiac output.
8. Q: What is the maximum time a tourniquet should remain
applied before considering conversion?
A: 2 hours.
Rationale: Beyond 2 hours, risk of nerve damage, compartment
syndrome, and limb loss increases significantly. During prolonged
evacuation, the decision to convert is made by a higher-level
provider.
9. Q: In TCCC, what fluid resuscitation is recommended for
hemorrhagic shock?
A: Whole blood or plasma. If not available, Hextend (6%
hydroxyethyl starch) or limited crystalloids (100-200 mL LR or NS).
Rationale: Excessive crystalloids worsen outcomes by diluting
clotting factors and increasing bleeding. Hextend is preferred as a
volume expander.
10. Q: What is the primary indication for ketamine administration
on the battlefield?
A: Severe pain with hemorrhagic shock or respiratory depression
from opioids.
Rationale: Ketamine provides analgesia and dissociative
anesthesia without significant respiratory depression or
hypotension, making it ideal for trauma.
11. Q: When is a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) contraindicated?
A: Suspected basilar skull fracture (e.g., Battle’s sign, raccoon eyes,
CSF otorrhea/rhinorrhea).
Rationale: NPA can pass through a fracture into the cranial cavity,
causing brain injury.
, 12. Q: What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to
ventilations for a single rescuer CPR in the adult combat casualty?
A: 30:2.
Rationale: Current AHA guidelines for adults – 30 compressions
to 2 ventilations, with compressions at least 2 inches deep at 100-
120 per minute.
13. Q: A casualty has a sucking chest wound. What should you
apply in TFC?
A: A vented chest seal (e.g., HyFin) or a three-sided occlusive
dressing.
Rationale: The vent allows air to escape but prevents air from
entering the pleural space, preventing tension pneumothorax.
14. Q: What is the recommended antibiotic for open fractures in
TCCC?
A: Cefazolin (Ancef) IV/IM 2 grams. For penicillin allergy,
clindamycin or levofloxacin.
Rationale: Early broad-spectrum antibiotics reduce the risk of
osteomyelitis and sepsis in contaminated fractures.
15. Q: How do you confirm proper tourniquet application?
A: Absence of distal pulse and cessation of active bleeding.
Rationale: Palpation of a distal pulse (e.g., radial or pedal) is the
standard. If a pulse is present, the tourniquet is not tight enough.
16. Q: In TACEVAC, what monitoring device should be prioritized?
A: Pulse oximetry and continuous end-tidal CO2 (if intubated).
Rationale: EtCO2 is the best indicator of perfusion and ventilation
during transport. Pulse oximetry helps detect hypoxemia.
Practice Questions with Solutions
Newest | Already Graded A+
1. Q: What are the three phases of Tactical Combat Casualty Care
(TCCC)?
A: Care Under Fire (CUF), Tactical Field Care (TFC), and Tactical
Evacuation Care (TACEVAC).
Rationale: TCCC phases are designed to match the tactical
situation. CUF occurs while under hostile fire; TFC happens once
the threat is suppressed; TACEVAC occurs during evacuation to a
higher level of care.
2. Q: In the Care Under Fire phase, what is the only acceptable
intervention for a hemorrhaging casualty?
A: Application of a tourniquet (if needed) and moving the casualty
to cover.
Rationale: In CUF, the medic cannot perform detailed
interventions. Only hemorrhage control with a tourniquet (if life-
threatening extremity bleeding) and rapid movement to safety is
permitted.
3. Q: What is the immediate priority in Tactical Field Care after
ensuring the casualty has no active hemorrhage?
A: Airway management.
Rationale: TFC follows the MARCH algorithm: Massive
,hemorrhage, Airway, Respiratory, Circulation, Hypothermia
prevention. After bleeding is controlled, airway is next.
4. Q: When should a tourniquet be converted to a pressure
dressing or wound packing in the prehospital setting?
A: Only if the tourniquet has been in place for less than 2 hours
and bleeding can be controlled by other means.
Rationale: Tourniquets left >2 hours risk permanent limb
damage. During TACEVAC or en route care, conversion may be
attempted if the casualty is stable and the tactical situation allows.
5. Q: What is the correct placement for a junctional tourniquet
(e.g., for groin or axilla hemorrhage)?
A: Directly over the bleeding site, compressing the wound against
the pelvic bone or rib cage.
Rationale: Junctional tourniquets are designed for hemorrhage
not amenable to standard tourniquets. Proper placement ensures
compression of the deep vessels (e.g., common femoral artery).
6. Q: A casualty has an open neck wound with air bubbling. What
immediate intervention do you perform?
A: Apply an occlusive dressing taped on three sides.
Rationale: This creates a one-way valve to prevent air embolism
while allowing trapped air to escape. A completely sealed dressing
could cause tension pneumothorax.
7. Q: What is the first-line treatment for suspected tension
pneumothorax in a combat casualty?
A: Needle decompression (14-gauge, 3.25-inch needle) in the 2nd
intercostal space, midclavicular line (or 5th intercostal space,
anterior axillary line for thicker chest walls).
Rationale: Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition.
,Needle decompression relieves trapped intrapleural air and
restores cardiac output.
8. Q: What is the maximum time a tourniquet should remain
applied before considering conversion?
A: 2 hours.
Rationale: Beyond 2 hours, risk of nerve damage, compartment
syndrome, and limb loss increases significantly. During prolonged
evacuation, the decision to convert is made by a higher-level
provider.
9. Q: In TCCC, what fluid resuscitation is recommended for
hemorrhagic shock?
A: Whole blood or plasma. If not available, Hextend (6%
hydroxyethyl starch) or limited crystalloids (100-200 mL LR or NS).
Rationale: Excessive crystalloids worsen outcomes by diluting
clotting factors and increasing bleeding. Hextend is preferred as a
volume expander.
10. Q: What is the primary indication for ketamine administration
on the battlefield?
A: Severe pain with hemorrhagic shock or respiratory depression
from opioids.
Rationale: Ketamine provides analgesia and dissociative
anesthesia without significant respiratory depression or
hypotension, making it ideal for trauma.
11. Q: When is a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) contraindicated?
A: Suspected basilar skull fracture (e.g., Battle’s sign, raccoon eyes,
CSF otorrhea/rhinorrhea).
Rationale: NPA can pass through a fracture into the cranial cavity,
causing brain injury.
, 12. Q: What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to
ventilations for a single rescuer CPR in the adult combat casualty?
A: 30:2.
Rationale: Current AHA guidelines for adults – 30 compressions
to 2 ventilations, with compressions at least 2 inches deep at 100-
120 per minute.
13. Q: A casualty has a sucking chest wound. What should you
apply in TFC?
A: A vented chest seal (e.g., HyFin) or a three-sided occlusive
dressing.
Rationale: The vent allows air to escape but prevents air from
entering the pleural space, preventing tension pneumothorax.
14. Q: What is the recommended antibiotic for open fractures in
TCCC?
A: Cefazolin (Ancef) IV/IM 2 grams. For penicillin allergy,
clindamycin or levofloxacin.
Rationale: Early broad-spectrum antibiotics reduce the risk of
osteomyelitis and sepsis in contaminated fractures.
15. Q: How do you confirm proper tourniquet application?
A: Absence of distal pulse and cessation of active bleeding.
Rationale: Palpation of a distal pulse (e.g., radial or pedal) is the
standard. If a pulse is present, the tourniquet is not tight enough.
16. Q: In TACEVAC, what monitoring device should be prioritized?
A: Pulse oximetry and continuous end-tidal CO2 (if intubated).
Rationale: EtCO2 is the best indicator of perfusion and ventilation
during transport. Pulse oximetry helps detect hypoxemia.
