Shock
1. Definition
Shock is a life-threatening condition in which there is inadequate blood flow to the body tissues,
leading to lack of oxygen and nutrients to the cells. If not treated immediately, it can lead to
organ failure and death.
2. Types of Shock
1. Hypovolemic Shock – Due to loss of blood or fluids.
2. Cardiogenic Shock – Due to heart failure.
3. Distributive Shock – Abnormal distribution of blood flow.
• Septic shock
• Anaphylactic shock
• Neurogenic shock
4. Obstructive Shock – Due to obstruction of blood flow (e.g., pulmonary embolism).
3. Causes & Risk Factors
Causes
• Severe bleeding
• Severe burns
• Myocardial infarction
• Severe infection (sepsis)
• Allergic reaction
• Trauma
• Dehydration
Risk Factors
A. Modifiable Risk Factors
• Smoking
• Poor control of diabetes
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Delay in treatment
• Poor hygiene (risk of infection)
B. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
• Old age
• Chronic illness
• Congenital heart disease
• Family history of heart disease
4. Clinical Manifestations
• Hypotension (low BP)
• Rapid weak pulse
1. Definition
Shock is a life-threatening condition in which there is inadequate blood flow to the body tissues,
leading to lack of oxygen and nutrients to the cells. If not treated immediately, it can lead to
organ failure and death.
2. Types of Shock
1. Hypovolemic Shock – Due to loss of blood or fluids.
2. Cardiogenic Shock – Due to heart failure.
3. Distributive Shock – Abnormal distribution of blood flow.
• Septic shock
• Anaphylactic shock
• Neurogenic shock
4. Obstructive Shock – Due to obstruction of blood flow (e.g., pulmonary embolism).
3. Causes & Risk Factors
Causes
• Severe bleeding
• Severe burns
• Myocardial infarction
• Severe infection (sepsis)
• Allergic reaction
• Trauma
• Dehydration
Risk Factors
A. Modifiable Risk Factors
• Smoking
• Poor control of diabetes
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Delay in treatment
• Poor hygiene (risk of infection)
B. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
• Old age
• Chronic illness
• Congenital heart disease
• Family history of heart disease
4. Clinical Manifestations
• Hypotension (low BP)
• Rapid weak pulse
