MDC 2 Exam 2 50 Questions and Answers_ Latest Winter 26.

MDC 2 Exam 2 50 Questions and Answers_ Latest Winter 26. 1. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result represents metabolic acidosis? o A) pH 7.48, HCO3 30, CO2 49 o B) pH 7.32, HCO3 20, CO2 37 o C) pH 7.30, HCO3 44, CO2 89 o D) pH 7.40, HCO3 24, CO2 40 2. A patient with GERD should be educated to avoid which of the following? o A) Bread o B) Eggs o C) Coffee o D) Milk 3. Which surgical procedure is a standard treatment for severe GERD? o A) Vagotomy o B) Nissen Fundoplication o C) Colectomy o D) Gastrectomy 4. A patient presents with vomiting bright red blood. Which order should the nurse question? o A) Clear liquid diet o B) NPO status o C) IV Normal Saline o D) CBC and CMP 5. What should NOT be included in the discharge education for a patient with Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)? o A) Signs and symptoms to report o B) Continue drinking alcohol o C) Avoid spicy foods o D) Follow medication regimen 6. A patient reports a feeling of fullness and chest pain after meals. Which condition is suspected? o A) Crohn’s disease o B) Diverticulitis o C) Hiatal hernia o D) Stomatitis 7. If a patient and their spouse are having difficulty with a new diagnosis of gastric cancer, the nurse should: o A) Recommend homeopathic therapies o B) Consult a social worker for resources o C) Recommend an antidepressant o D) Consult a dietician 8. What is a common diagnostic test for identifying esophageal disorders? o A) EEG o B) Colonoscopy o C) Barium enema o D) EGD (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy) 9. A patient presents with weight loss, loss of appetite, and chronic heartburn. Which condition is suspected? o A) Bowel obstruction o B) Gastric cancer o C) Thrush o D) Diverticulitis 10. A patient with gastritis should be educated to: o A) Eat large meals before bedtime o B) Avoid laxatives o C) Decrease stress o D) Continue smoking 11. Following an EGD, what is the priority assessment before the patient is allowed to eat? o A) Heart rate o B) Gag reflex o C) Peripheral pulses o D) Mental status 12. COPD typically results in which type of acid-base imbalance? o A) Respiratory acidosis o B) Respiratory alkalosis o C) Metabolic acidosis o D) Metabolic alkalosis 13. Which imbalance is commonly caused by Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)? o A) Metabolic alkalosis o B) Metabolic acidosis o C) Respiratory alkalosis o D) Respiratory acidosis 14. How is an ABG with pH 7.28, HCO3 30, and CO2 55 interpreted? o A) Partial compensation respiratory acidosis o B) Compensated respiratory acidosis o C) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis o D) Respiratory alkalosis 15. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.30, CO2 58, HCO3 26. o A) Compensated respiratory acidosis o B) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis o C) Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis o D) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 16. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.45, HCO3 30, CO2 50. o A) Compensated metabolic acidosis o B) Compensated metabolic alkalosis o C) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis o D) Partial compensation metabolic acidosis 17. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.36, HCO3 38, CO2 60. o A) Compensated respiratory acidosis o B) Compensated respiratory alkalosis o C) Partial compensation respiratory acidosis o D) Compensated metabolic alkalosis 18. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.25, HCO3 13, CO2 34. o A) Compensated metabolic acidosis o B) Compensated metabolic alkalosis o C) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis o D) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis 19. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.69, HCO3 19, CO2 28. o A) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis o B) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis o C) Compensated respiratory acidosis o D) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis 20. A patient with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea is at highest risk for which electrolyte imbalance? o A) Hypokalemia o B) Hyperkalemia o C) Hypermagnesemia o D) Hypervolemia 21. A positive Chvostek’s sign indicates which electrolyte imbalance? o A) Hypophosphatemia o B) Hypokalemia o C) Hyperkalemia o D) Hypocalcemia 22. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.30, HCO3 44, CO2 89. o A) Respiratory alkalosis o B) Respiratory acidosis o C) Metabolic acidosis o D) Metabolic alkalosis 23. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.49, CO2 49, HCO3 34. o A) Metabolic alkalosis o B) Metabolic acidosis o C) Respiratory acidosis o D) Respiratory alkalosis 24. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.40, HCO3 24, CO2 40. o A) Respiratory acidosis o B) Respiratory alkalosis o C) Metabolic acidosis o D) Normal ABG 25. A patient with fever, HR 128, and BP 80/46 is likely suffering from: o A) Hypervolemia o B) Hypovolemia o C) Acute renal failure o D) Arthritis 26. Which of these is a high-salt food a patient should avoid? o A) Chicken o B) Ham o C) Eggs o D) Milk 27. Which type of fluid is typically administered for simple dehydration? o A) Hypotonic o B) Hypertonic o C) Colloids o D) Isotonic 28. A patient with a bowel obstruction and an active NG tube is at risk for: o A) Metabolic acidosis o B) Respiratory acidosis o C) Respiratory alkalosis o D) Metabolic alkalosis 29. Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.30, HCO3 30, CO2 54. o A) Compensated respiratory alkalosis o B) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis o C) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis o D) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis 30. Aspirin toxicity can result in which acid-base imbalance? o A) Metabolic acidosis o B) Respiratory acidosis o C) Metabolic alkalosis o D) All of the above 31. Prolonged diarrhea typically causes which imbalance? o A) Respiratory acidosis o B) Respiratory alkalosis o C) Metabolic acidosis o D) Metabolic alkalosis 32. A patient having an anxiety attack and hyperventilating is at risk for: o A) Metabolic acidosis o B) Metabolic alkalosis o C) Respiratory alkalosis o D) Respiratory acidosis 33. Which assessment technique is positive in the presence of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia? o A) Trousseau's sign o B) Homans sign o C) Turners sign o D) McBurney’s Point 34. A post-operative patient receiving IV pain medication is at highest risk for: o A) Respiratory acidosis o B) Respiratory alkalosis o C) Metabolic acidosis o D) Metabolic alkalosis 35. A 3-year-old admitted for choking on a hot dog is likely to experience: o A) Respiratory alkalosis o B) Respiratory acidosis o C) Metabolic alkalosis o D) Metabolic acidosis 36. What is the expected treatment for a patient diagnosed with metabolic acidosis? o A) Hydration o B) Steroids o C) Opioids o D) Antihypertensives 37. What is the priority intervention for a patient with an exacerbation of asthma? o A) Secure airway o B) Administer steroids o C) Perform chest x-ray o D) Perform EKG 38. Which symptom is expected in a patient with hypernatremia? o A) Increased urine output o B) Headache o C) Muscle cramps o D) Increased thirst 39. Which food should be recommended to a patient with hypokalemia? o A) Bananas o B) Eggs o C) Cereal o D) Bread 40. A patient has an NG tube to low intermittent suction. Which imbalance are they at risk for? o A) Metabolic alkalosis o B) Metabolic acidosis o C) Respiratory alkalosis o D) Respiratory acidosis 41. Tall, peaked T waves on an EKG indicate which imbalance? o A) Metabolic alkalosis o B) Metabolic acidosis (Hyperkalemia) o C) Respiratory acidosis o D) Respiratory alkalosis 42. Which respiratory pattern is consistent with metabolic acidosis? o A) Bradypnea o B) Kussmaul's respirations o C) Cheyne-Stokes o D) Shallow breathing 43. A sudden 4-lb weight gain is a suspected symptom of: o A) Hypovolemia o B) Hypervolemia o C) Loss of appetite o D) Diarrhea 44. Which body systems work together to correct acid-base imbalances? o A) Lungs and kidneys o B) Kidneys and GI tract o C) Lungs and liver o D) Lungs and heart 45. What is the priority nursing intervention to reduce falls for a hospitalized blind patient? o A) Speak loudly and clearly o B) Orient the patient to the location of objects in the room o C) Apply wrist restraints o D) Require a family member's constant presence 46. What is the primary goal of treating glaucoma? o A) Dry up excess secretions o B) Decrease intraocular pressure o C) Strengthen eye muscles o D) Improve vision 47. Which patient requires priority intervention in an ophthalmology clinic? o A) Patient with IOP of 24 mmHg o B) Patient with recent cataract surgery whose vision is worsening o C) Patient with absent red reflex o D) Patient with a tearing, red eye 48. How should a nurse communicate with a hearing-impaired client? o A) Shout into the better ear o B) Speak slowly and clearly while facing the patient o C) Write everything down o D) Use only hand gestures 49. Which diagnostic tool is definitive for osteoporosis? o A) CBC with Diff o B) Blood cultures o C) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan o D) Standard X-ray 50. What is the standard emergency treatment for an ankle sprain? o A) Heat and massage o B) Surgery o C) RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) o D) Complete immobilization for 6 weeks