PFCCS Chapter 1 Success Pack 2026 | Latest Update |
Exam Prep
1. Acquired subglottic stenosis is
associated with a loose-fitting tube with a large air leak.
associated with endotracheal intubation most frequently.
more common in neonates because they do not tolerate intubation
well.
not affected by systemic factors.
not associated with endotracheal intubation.
2. In a scenario where a child in cold shock does not respond to dopamine
treatment, what would be the next appropriate step in management?
Initiate fluid resuscitation without further vasopressor therapy.
Increase the dose of dopamine beyond 10 µg/kg/min.
Switch to norepinephrine as the first-line treatment.
Administer epinephrine if unresponsive to dopamine.
3. What is the relationship between airway resistance and the radius of the
airway according to Poiseuille's Law?
Resistance is independent of the airway radius.
Resistance is inversely related to the radius to the fourth power.
Resistance is inversely related to the radius squared.
Resistance is directly proportional to the radius.
4. A 2-year-old child presents with a seizure. After initial assessment, you
, suspect a metabolic cause. Which of the following conditions should you
prioritize in your differential diagnosis?
Dehydration
Hypoglycemia
Pneumonia
Asthma
5. At birth, a pulse rate of up to ____ beats/min and a respiratory rate of up to ____
breaths/min are considered normal. Choose one answer.
160, 50
200, 70
140, 40
180, 60
6. What is the threshold level of PaCO2 that defines hypercarbia?
exactly 50 mm Hg
less than 35 mm Hg
greater than 45 mm Hg
between 35 and 45 mm Hg
7. Describe how the positioning of a child can affect their airway due to
anatomical differences.
Proper positioning has no effect on airway management in children.
Children have a more rigid airway structure that prevents obstruction.
Children's airways are identical to adults, so positioning is not a
concern.
, Children's anatomical features, such as a large occiput and floppy
epiglottis, can lead to airway obstruction if not positioned correctly.
8. Describe the significance of knowing the normal heart and respiratory rates
for infants in pediatric assessment.
Heart rates are only significant in older children.
Only respiratory rates are important in assessing infants.
Knowing the normal heart and respiratory rates for infants is crucial
for identifying potential health issues and ensuring timely
interventions.
Normal rates are irrelevant in pediatric assessments.
9. A 5-year-old boy presents in septic shock with a temperature of 102.5°F
(39.2°C). His blood pres- sure is 60/40 mm Hg, his heart rate is 100 beats/
minute, and he is cool to the touch. Which is the most appropriate
vasopressor to initiate first?
Dopamine.
Vasopressin.
Epinephrine.
Milrinone.
10. A nurse is caring for a pediatric patient and is reviewing key physiological
differences between pediatric and adult patients. Which of the following
statements accurately describes significant anatomical and metabolic
differences in pediatric patients that are essential considerations for airway
management and respiratory care?
Pediatric patients have a lower basal metabolic rate, resulting in lower
respiratory rates and oxygen consumption.
The glottis in pediatric patients is lower and more flexible, facilitating
, airway management.
Pediatric patients have a funnel-shaped larynx and trachea, with
the narrowest point at the cricoid cartilage.
Pediatric patients have a wide and straight larynx and trachea, making
intubation easier.
11. Describe how the method of achieving the sniffing position differs between
children under 2 years and those over 2 years.
In children under 2, a folded sheet is placed under the occiput; in
older children, the head is tilted back slightly.
In children under 2, the head is kept level; in older children, the head
is tilted forward.
In children under 2, the head is tilted back slightly or a rolled towel
is placed under the shoulders; in older children, a folded sheet or
towel is placed under the occiput.
In children under 2, the head is turned to the side; in older children,
the head is tilted back sharply.
12. What is the maximum dose of racemic epinephrine for treating stridor in
pediatric patients?
0.25 mg
0.75 mg
1 mg
0.5 mg
13. Describe the significance of knowing the normal heart and respiratory rates
in pediatric assessments.
Normal rates are irrelevant in pediatric assessments.
They are only important during emergencies.
Exam Prep
1. Acquired subglottic stenosis is
associated with a loose-fitting tube with a large air leak.
associated with endotracheal intubation most frequently.
more common in neonates because they do not tolerate intubation
well.
not affected by systemic factors.
not associated with endotracheal intubation.
2. In a scenario where a child in cold shock does not respond to dopamine
treatment, what would be the next appropriate step in management?
Initiate fluid resuscitation without further vasopressor therapy.
Increase the dose of dopamine beyond 10 µg/kg/min.
Switch to norepinephrine as the first-line treatment.
Administer epinephrine if unresponsive to dopamine.
3. What is the relationship between airway resistance and the radius of the
airway according to Poiseuille's Law?
Resistance is independent of the airway radius.
Resistance is inversely related to the radius to the fourth power.
Resistance is inversely related to the radius squared.
Resistance is directly proportional to the radius.
4. A 2-year-old child presents with a seizure. After initial assessment, you
, suspect a metabolic cause. Which of the following conditions should you
prioritize in your differential diagnosis?
Dehydration
Hypoglycemia
Pneumonia
Asthma
5. At birth, a pulse rate of up to ____ beats/min and a respiratory rate of up to ____
breaths/min are considered normal. Choose one answer.
160, 50
200, 70
140, 40
180, 60
6. What is the threshold level of PaCO2 that defines hypercarbia?
exactly 50 mm Hg
less than 35 mm Hg
greater than 45 mm Hg
between 35 and 45 mm Hg
7. Describe how the positioning of a child can affect their airway due to
anatomical differences.
Proper positioning has no effect on airway management in children.
Children have a more rigid airway structure that prevents obstruction.
Children's airways are identical to adults, so positioning is not a
concern.
, Children's anatomical features, such as a large occiput and floppy
epiglottis, can lead to airway obstruction if not positioned correctly.
8. Describe the significance of knowing the normal heart and respiratory rates
for infants in pediatric assessment.
Heart rates are only significant in older children.
Only respiratory rates are important in assessing infants.
Knowing the normal heart and respiratory rates for infants is crucial
for identifying potential health issues and ensuring timely
interventions.
Normal rates are irrelevant in pediatric assessments.
9. A 5-year-old boy presents in septic shock with a temperature of 102.5°F
(39.2°C). His blood pres- sure is 60/40 mm Hg, his heart rate is 100 beats/
minute, and he is cool to the touch. Which is the most appropriate
vasopressor to initiate first?
Dopamine.
Vasopressin.
Epinephrine.
Milrinone.
10. A nurse is caring for a pediatric patient and is reviewing key physiological
differences between pediatric and adult patients. Which of the following
statements accurately describes significant anatomical and metabolic
differences in pediatric patients that are essential considerations for airway
management and respiratory care?
Pediatric patients have a lower basal metabolic rate, resulting in lower
respiratory rates and oxygen consumption.
The glottis in pediatric patients is lower and more flexible, facilitating
, airway management.
Pediatric patients have a funnel-shaped larynx and trachea, with
the narrowest point at the cricoid cartilage.
Pediatric patients have a wide and straight larynx and trachea, making
intubation easier.
11. Describe how the method of achieving the sniffing position differs between
children under 2 years and those over 2 years.
In children under 2, a folded sheet is placed under the occiput; in
older children, the head is tilted back slightly.
In children under 2, the head is kept level; in older children, the head
is tilted forward.
In children under 2, the head is tilted back slightly or a rolled towel
is placed under the shoulders; in older children, a folded sheet or
towel is placed under the occiput.
In children under 2, the head is turned to the side; in older children,
the head is tilted back sharply.
12. What is the maximum dose of racemic epinephrine for treating stridor in
pediatric patients?
0.25 mg
0.75 mg
1 mg
0.5 mg
13. Describe the significance of knowing the normal heart and respiratory rates
in pediatric assessments.
Normal rates are irrelevant in pediatric assessments.
They are only important during emergencies.
