NURS 3280: Pathophysiology Test #4 with questions
and well researched answers
nephron - CORRECT ANSWERS-eliminated or reabsorbs K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca+, Phosphorus to maintain
electrolyte fluid balance
acid base balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-eliminating reabsorbing H+ or HCO3- (bicarbonate)
waste elimination - CORRECT ANSWERS-urea, uric acid, creatinine eliminated by kidneys
RAAS, aldosterone, ADH - CORRECT ANSWERS-control BP by retaining sodium and water
RBCs - CORRECT ANSWERS-produced in bone marrow and stimulated to be created bc kidneys produce
erythropoietin
vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWERS-synthesized and activated by kidneys, allowing for Ca+ absorption in GI
tract
Bowman's capsule - CORRECT ANSWERS-cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which
encloses the glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWERS-A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the nephron
and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.
proximal tubule - CORRECT ANSWERS-In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron immediately
downstream from Bowman's capsule that conveys and helps refine filtrate.
loop of Henle - CORRECT ANSWERS-section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes
the volume of urine
,distal tubule - CORRECT ANSWERS-In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron that helps refine
filtrate and empties it into a collecting duct.
collecting duct - CORRECT ANSWERS-A segment of the nephron that returns water form the filtrate to
the bloodstream.
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - CORRECT ANSWERS-amount of renal blood filtered per unit of time;
correlated with renal perfusion and blood supply
prerenal dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWERS-caused by anything that decreases perfusion or blood flow to
the kidneys
systemic hypotension, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemia/severe blood loss, rupturing aortic aneurysm, or
thrombus formation in renal artery - CORRECT ANSWERS-Causes of prerenal dysfunction
intrarenal dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWERS-direct damage to renal tissues
trauma, toxic agents (abx or NSAIDs), infectious agents - CORRECT ANSWERS-Causes of intrarenal
dysfunction
postrenal dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWERS-obstruction to urine outflow distal to kidneys
kidney stones and enlarged prostate in glands - CORRECT ANSWERS-Causes of post renal dysfunction
hydronephrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-fluid back up into kidneys that causes swelling and urine that is
toxic to nephron
,acute tubular necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-hypoxia and ischemia of renal tubules that causes cells to
slough and blockages that limit fluid from flowing causing reduced urine production
acute glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal
glomeruli that damages ability to excrete
-bacterial infection from pharyngitis
-ab synthesis damages glomerulus
-loss of albumin and RBCs = decreased oncotic pressure
-decreased function of kidneys due to failed GFR = OLIGURIA
-increased BP and edema** - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis
edema, oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, health hx - CORRECT ANSWERS-S/s of acute
glomerulonephritis
elevated serum creatinine and BUN, anti-streptolysin O titer** - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dx of acute
glomerulonephritis
creatinine = 0.5-1.5 mg/dL
BUN = 5-20 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWERS-Normal creatinine and BUN levels
diabetic nephropathy and autoimmune diseases - CORRECT ANSWERS-Risk factors of nephrotic
syndrome
diabetic nephropathy - CORRECT ANSWERS-accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to
the chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
amyloidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-a metabolic disorder marked by amyloid deposits in organs and tissue
, systemic lupus erythematosus - CORRECT ANSWERS-chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition
causing damage to endothelial cells in glomerulus
massive spillage of protein and albumin into urine as basement membrane or glomeruli can no longer
filter proteins = decreased colloid oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pathophysiology of nephrotic
syndrome
periorbital edema, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension - CORRECT ANSWERS-S/s of nephrotic
syndrome
serum creatinine and BUN elevated, urinalysis, serum albumin for amount of protein and albumin -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Dx of nephrotic syndrome
pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
men with BPH, pregnant women, pre-existing lower UTI - CORRECT ANSWERS-Risk factors of
pyelonephritis
-stagnant urine causing infection
-acute or chronic
-virus, fungi, or bacteria
-chronic infections may cause fibrotic scar tissue in kidneys = decreased renal function - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Pathophysiology of pyelonephritis
costovertebral angle tenderness**, fever w/ chills, flank pain, urinary frequency, health hx - CORRECT
ANSWERS-S/s of pyelonephritis
urine cultures and urinalysis = WBC elevated - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dx of pyelonephritis
and well researched answers
nephron - CORRECT ANSWERS-eliminated or reabsorbs K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca+, Phosphorus to maintain
electrolyte fluid balance
acid base balance - CORRECT ANSWERS-eliminating reabsorbing H+ or HCO3- (bicarbonate)
waste elimination - CORRECT ANSWERS-urea, uric acid, creatinine eliminated by kidneys
RAAS, aldosterone, ADH - CORRECT ANSWERS-control BP by retaining sodium and water
RBCs - CORRECT ANSWERS-produced in bone marrow and stimulated to be created bc kidneys produce
erythropoietin
vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWERS-synthesized and activated by kidneys, allowing for Ca+ absorption in GI
tract
Bowman's capsule - CORRECT ANSWERS-cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which
encloses the glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWERS-A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the nephron
and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.
proximal tubule - CORRECT ANSWERS-In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron immediately
downstream from Bowman's capsule that conveys and helps refine filtrate.
loop of Henle - CORRECT ANSWERS-section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes
the volume of urine
,distal tubule - CORRECT ANSWERS-In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron that helps refine
filtrate and empties it into a collecting duct.
collecting duct - CORRECT ANSWERS-A segment of the nephron that returns water form the filtrate to
the bloodstream.
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - CORRECT ANSWERS-amount of renal blood filtered per unit of time;
correlated with renal perfusion and blood supply
prerenal dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWERS-caused by anything that decreases perfusion or blood flow to
the kidneys
systemic hypotension, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemia/severe blood loss, rupturing aortic aneurysm, or
thrombus formation in renal artery - CORRECT ANSWERS-Causes of prerenal dysfunction
intrarenal dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWERS-direct damage to renal tissues
trauma, toxic agents (abx or NSAIDs), infectious agents - CORRECT ANSWERS-Causes of intrarenal
dysfunction
postrenal dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWERS-obstruction to urine outflow distal to kidneys
kidney stones and enlarged prostate in glands - CORRECT ANSWERS-Causes of post renal dysfunction
hydronephrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-fluid back up into kidneys that causes swelling and urine that is
toxic to nephron
,acute tubular necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-hypoxia and ischemia of renal tubules that causes cells to
slough and blockages that limit fluid from flowing causing reduced urine production
acute glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal
glomeruli that damages ability to excrete
-bacterial infection from pharyngitis
-ab synthesis damages glomerulus
-loss of albumin and RBCs = decreased oncotic pressure
-decreased function of kidneys due to failed GFR = OLIGURIA
-increased BP and edema** - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis
edema, oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, health hx - CORRECT ANSWERS-S/s of acute
glomerulonephritis
elevated serum creatinine and BUN, anti-streptolysin O titer** - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dx of acute
glomerulonephritis
creatinine = 0.5-1.5 mg/dL
BUN = 5-20 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWERS-Normal creatinine and BUN levels
diabetic nephropathy and autoimmune diseases - CORRECT ANSWERS-Risk factors of nephrotic
syndrome
diabetic nephropathy - CORRECT ANSWERS-accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to
the chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
amyloidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-a metabolic disorder marked by amyloid deposits in organs and tissue
, systemic lupus erythematosus - CORRECT ANSWERS-chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition
causing damage to endothelial cells in glomerulus
massive spillage of protein and albumin into urine as basement membrane or glomeruli can no longer
filter proteins = decreased colloid oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pathophysiology of nephrotic
syndrome
periorbital edema, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension - CORRECT ANSWERS-S/s of nephrotic
syndrome
serum creatinine and BUN elevated, urinalysis, serum albumin for amount of protein and albumin -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Dx of nephrotic syndrome
pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
men with BPH, pregnant women, pre-existing lower UTI - CORRECT ANSWERS-Risk factors of
pyelonephritis
-stagnant urine causing infection
-acute or chronic
-virus, fungi, or bacteria
-chronic infections may cause fibrotic scar tissue in kidneys = decreased renal function - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Pathophysiology of pyelonephritis
costovertebral angle tenderness**, fever w/ chills, flank pain, urinary frequency, health hx - CORRECT
ANSWERS-S/s of pyelonephritis
urine cultures and urinalysis = WBC elevated - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dx of pyelonephritis
