PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE AN
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL MEDICINE
8TH EDITION HAMMER MCPHEE EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
⩥ What is allergic contact dermatitis? Answer: A delayed type (type 4)
hypersensitivity reaction from contact exposure to an allergen.
⩥ What percentage of the population is affected by allergic contact
dermatitis? Answer: Up to 7%.
⩥ What are the most common allergens that cause allergic contact
dermatitis? Answer: Nickel, jewelry, cosmetics, topical medications,
plants, and chemicals.
⩥ What is the pathophysiology of allergic contact dermatitis? Answer:
Exposure to the allergen causes the immune system to recognize the
antigen and present it to CD4-T cells, releasing inflammatory cytokines.
⩥ What are the clinical manifestations of allergic contact dermatitis?
Answer: Very itchy scaly plaque or papulovesicular eruption in a bizarre
appearing pattern or location.
, ⩥ What is the differential diagnosis (Ddx) for allergic contact
dermatitis? Answer: Irritant contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, stasis
dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, tinea.
⩥ What is the first step in the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis?
Answer: Stop contact with the allergen.
⩥ What is irritant contact dermatitis? Answer: A localized nonimmune-
mediated reaction secondary to direct contact with an irritating
substance.
⩥ What percentage of all diagnosed contact dermatitis cases is irritant
contact dermatitis? Answer: Approximately 80%.
⩥ What are common irritants that cause irritant contact dermatitis?
Answer: Shampoos, soaps, detergents, feces, urine, solvents, and wool.
⩥ What are the clinical manifestations of irritant contact dermatitis?
Answer: Erythema, eczematous changes, and sometimes vesiculobullous
lesions with sharply demarcated borders.
⩥ What is psoriasis? Answer: A chronic, intermittently relapsing
inflammatory autoimmune disease with multiple types, including plaque,
inverse, guttate, pustular, and erythrodermic.
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL MEDICINE
8TH EDITION HAMMER MCPHEE EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
⩥ What is allergic contact dermatitis? Answer: A delayed type (type 4)
hypersensitivity reaction from contact exposure to an allergen.
⩥ What percentage of the population is affected by allergic contact
dermatitis? Answer: Up to 7%.
⩥ What are the most common allergens that cause allergic contact
dermatitis? Answer: Nickel, jewelry, cosmetics, topical medications,
plants, and chemicals.
⩥ What is the pathophysiology of allergic contact dermatitis? Answer:
Exposure to the allergen causes the immune system to recognize the
antigen and present it to CD4-T cells, releasing inflammatory cytokines.
⩥ What are the clinical manifestations of allergic contact dermatitis?
Answer: Very itchy scaly plaque or papulovesicular eruption in a bizarre
appearing pattern or location.
, ⩥ What is the differential diagnosis (Ddx) for allergic contact
dermatitis? Answer: Irritant contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, stasis
dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, tinea.
⩥ What is the first step in the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis?
Answer: Stop contact with the allergen.
⩥ What is irritant contact dermatitis? Answer: A localized nonimmune-
mediated reaction secondary to direct contact with an irritating
substance.
⩥ What percentage of all diagnosed contact dermatitis cases is irritant
contact dermatitis? Answer: Approximately 80%.
⩥ What are common irritants that cause irritant contact dermatitis?
Answer: Shampoos, soaps, detergents, feces, urine, solvents, and wool.
⩥ What are the clinical manifestations of irritant contact dermatitis?
Answer: Erythema, eczematous changes, and sometimes vesiculobullous
lesions with sharply demarcated borders.
⩥ What is psoriasis? Answer: A chronic, intermittently relapsing
inflammatory autoimmune disease with multiple types, including plaque,
inverse, guttate, pustular, and erythrodermic.
