NBDHE SIMULATED EXAM 1-DARBY
QUESTIONS & DETAILED ANSWERS
RATED 100% CORRECT UPGRADED
VERSION
An anatomic feature of the atrioventricular (AV) valves located within the heart:
Atrioventricular (AV) valves are held in place by chordae tendineae at the edge of the valves
RATIONALE: Atrioventricular (AV) valves are held in place by chordae tendineae at the edge of
the valves and are composed of complex tough, fibrous tissue. The tricuspid atrioventricular
valve (AV) is formed by three flaps and is located in the right side of the heart. The bicuspid AV
valve (mitral valve) is formed by two parts.
Each cell type are radiosensitive EXCEPT:
A. Lymphatic
B. Erythrocytes
C. Reproductive
D. Nerve
D. Nerve
RATIONALE: Nerve cells are radioresistant because they are resistant to radiation effects. Note
that nerve cells are the most radioresistant cell type. Also radioresistant are liver and muscle
cells. By contrast, radiosensitive cells, such as lymphatic, erythrocytes, and reproductive, are
sensitive to effect of radiation.
Muscle raises the larynx during swallowing:
A. Genioglossus
B. Suprahyoid
C. Styloglossus
D. Hypoglossus
B. Suprahyoid
,RATIONALE: The suprahyoid muscle group raises both the larynx and hyoid during swallowing
and depresses the mandible during mastication. The genioglossus, the styloglossus, and the
hyoglossus are extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Respectively their primary actions are:
protrusion, retraction, and depression of the tongue.
Four to five modular pieces in the coccygeal vertebral (coccyx) area articulate with the
A. vertebral artery.
B. sacrum.
C. thoracic vertebrae.
D. lumbar vertebrae
B. sacrum.
RATIONALE: The four to five modular pieces in the coccygeal vertebral area articulate with the
sacrum. Note that the sacrum (5 fused vertebrae) provides strong foundation for the pelvic
girdle. The vertebral artery passes through transverse processes in each of the seven cervical
vertebrae (C1-C6). The twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12) have facets for articulating with the
ribs. The lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5), the largest and strongest vertebrae, are well adapted for
attachment of large back muscles.
The corpus luteum is maintained for the first 10 weeks of pregnancy by:
A. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B. luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. estrogen
D. progesterone
A. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
RATIONALE: The corpus luteum is protected and maintained during the first 10 weeks of
pregnancy by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This hormone is secreted by trophoblast
cells during the first trimester of pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH), secreted from the
anterior pituitary, is not responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum. Estradiol, a form of the
female hormone estrogen, is secreted by the granulosa cells as follicles grow. Although these
substances are essential during pregnancy, it is hCG that maintains the corpus luteum during
the first 10 weeks of pregnancy. Progesterone, which is negligible in the blood before ovulation
and rises rapidly to reach a peak during the luteal phase, is essential to a healthy pregnancy.
,The main subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system operates without conscious
control.
RATIONALE:
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are the two main subdivisions of the
autonomic nervous systems.
Note that the autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system. The
autonomic nervous system operates without conscious control and carries on automatically.
Which blood cell is an agranular leukocyte?
A. Basophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Platelet
D. Erythrocyte
B. Lymphocyte
RATIONALE: Lymphocytes, the second most abundant leukocyte, are considered agranulocytes
because they lack granules in their cytoplasm. Note that the letter "a" before a description
typically means "not."
Lymphocytes produce antibodies and provide immune response.
Referring to the remaining selections: Although a basophil is also a leukocyte (white blood cell),
it is considered granular (as opposed to agranular). Platelets and erythrocytes
are not leukocytes. A platelet is a cell fragment that circulates in the blood and is involved in
hemostasis by forming blood clots.
Again, the prefix has significance; erythro- (red) means that an erythrocyte is a red blood cell,
whereas a thrombocyte is a specialized type of platelet.
Each describes anatomic features of the lacrimal glands within the eye EXCEPT :
A. Located bilaterally on the outer borders of the orbital cavity
B. Secrete about 1 milliliter (mL) of fluid per day
C. Contain lysozyme to destroy bacteria
D. Carry fluid away from the eye and toward the nasal cavity
, D. Carry fluid away from the eye and toward the nasal cavity
RATIONALE: It is the nasolacrimal duct that carries fluid away from the eye and toward the
nasal cavity. The lacrimal glands are located bilaterally on the outer borders of the orbital cavity.
These glands secrete about 1 milliliter (mL) of fluid per day. This fluid contains lysozyme, a
protective substance that destroys bacteria
Which of the following is a single laryngeal cartilage?
A. Cricoid
B. Arytenoid
C. Corniculate
D. Cuneiform
A. Cricoid
RATIONALE: The cricoid cartilage is one of three single layer laryngeal cartilages. The other two
single layer laryngeal cartilages are the epiglottis and the thyroid cartilages. The arytenoid,
corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages are each paired laryngeal structures. Note that the larynx
is located between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea; it functions as part
of the airway to the lungs and produces the voice
Each of the following are located within the cerebrum EXCEPT :
A. Frontal lobe
B. Occipital lobe
C. Pons
D. White matter
C. Pons
RATIONALE: The pons connects the spinal cord to the brain and is not located within the
cerebrum. The pons relays impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral
cortex to the cerebellum. Within the cerebrum are four cerebral lobes: frontal, parietal,
temporal, and occipital. White matter consisting of myelinated axons is also found within the
cerebrum.
The malleus, incus, and stapes
A. are ear ossicles.
B. are located in the outer ear.
QUESTIONS & DETAILED ANSWERS
RATED 100% CORRECT UPGRADED
VERSION
An anatomic feature of the atrioventricular (AV) valves located within the heart:
Atrioventricular (AV) valves are held in place by chordae tendineae at the edge of the valves
RATIONALE: Atrioventricular (AV) valves are held in place by chordae tendineae at the edge of
the valves and are composed of complex tough, fibrous tissue. The tricuspid atrioventricular
valve (AV) is formed by three flaps and is located in the right side of the heart. The bicuspid AV
valve (mitral valve) is formed by two parts.
Each cell type are radiosensitive EXCEPT:
A. Lymphatic
B. Erythrocytes
C. Reproductive
D. Nerve
D. Nerve
RATIONALE: Nerve cells are radioresistant because they are resistant to radiation effects. Note
that nerve cells are the most radioresistant cell type. Also radioresistant are liver and muscle
cells. By contrast, radiosensitive cells, such as lymphatic, erythrocytes, and reproductive, are
sensitive to effect of radiation.
Muscle raises the larynx during swallowing:
A. Genioglossus
B. Suprahyoid
C. Styloglossus
D. Hypoglossus
B. Suprahyoid
,RATIONALE: The suprahyoid muscle group raises both the larynx and hyoid during swallowing
and depresses the mandible during mastication. The genioglossus, the styloglossus, and the
hyoglossus are extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Respectively their primary actions are:
protrusion, retraction, and depression of the tongue.
Four to five modular pieces in the coccygeal vertebral (coccyx) area articulate with the
A. vertebral artery.
B. sacrum.
C. thoracic vertebrae.
D. lumbar vertebrae
B. sacrum.
RATIONALE: The four to five modular pieces in the coccygeal vertebral area articulate with the
sacrum. Note that the sacrum (5 fused vertebrae) provides strong foundation for the pelvic
girdle. The vertebral artery passes through transverse processes in each of the seven cervical
vertebrae (C1-C6). The twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12) have facets for articulating with the
ribs. The lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5), the largest and strongest vertebrae, are well adapted for
attachment of large back muscles.
The corpus luteum is maintained for the first 10 weeks of pregnancy by:
A. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B. luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. estrogen
D. progesterone
A. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
RATIONALE: The corpus luteum is protected and maintained during the first 10 weeks of
pregnancy by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This hormone is secreted by trophoblast
cells during the first trimester of pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH), secreted from the
anterior pituitary, is not responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum. Estradiol, a form of the
female hormone estrogen, is secreted by the granulosa cells as follicles grow. Although these
substances are essential during pregnancy, it is hCG that maintains the corpus luteum during
the first 10 weeks of pregnancy. Progesterone, which is negligible in the blood before ovulation
and rises rapidly to reach a peak during the luteal phase, is essential to a healthy pregnancy.
,The main subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system operates without conscious
control.
RATIONALE:
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are the two main subdivisions of the
autonomic nervous systems.
Note that the autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system. The
autonomic nervous system operates without conscious control and carries on automatically.
Which blood cell is an agranular leukocyte?
A. Basophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Platelet
D. Erythrocyte
B. Lymphocyte
RATIONALE: Lymphocytes, the second most abundant leukocyte, are considered agranulocytes
because they lack granules in their cytoplasm. Note that the letter "a" before a description
typically means "not."
Lymphocytes produce antibodies and provide immune response.
Referring to the remaining selections: Although a basophil is also a leukocyte (white blood cell),
it is considered granular (as opposed to agranular). Platelets and erythrocytes
are not leukocytes. A platelet is a cell fragment that circulates in the blood and is involved in
hemostasis by forming blood clots.
Again, the prefix has significance; erythro- (red) means that an erythrocyte is a red blood cell,
whereas a thrombocyte is a specialized type of platelet.
Each describes anatomic features of the lacrimal glands within the eye EXCEPT :
A. Located bilaterally on the outer borders of the orbital cavity
B. Secrete about 1 milliliter (mL) of fluid per day
C. Contain lysozyme to destroy bacteria
D. Carry fluid away from the eye and toward the nasal cavity
, D. Carry fluid away from the eye and toward the nasal cavity
RATIONALE: It is the nasolacrimal duct that carries fluid away from the eye and toward the
nasal cavity. The lacrimal glands are located bilaterally on the outer borders of the orbital cavity.
These glands secrete about 1 milliliter (mL) of fluid per day. This fluid contains lysozyme, a
protective substance that destroys bacteria
Which of the following is a single laryngeal cartilage?
A. Cricoid
B. Arytenoid
C. Corniculate
D. Cuneiform
A. Cricoid
RATIONALE: The cricoid cartilage is one of three single layer laryngeal cartilages. The other two
single layer laryngeal cartilages are the epiglottis and the thyroid cartilages. The arytenoid,
corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages are each paired laryngeal structures. Note that the larynx
is located between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea; it functions as part
of the airway to the lungs and produces the voice
Each of the following are located within the cerebrum EXCEPT :
A. Frontal lobe
B. Occipital lobe
C. Pons
D. White matter
C. Pons
RATIONALE: The pons connects the spinal cord to the brain and is not located within the
cerebrum. The pons relays impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral
cortex to the cerebellum. Within the cerebrum are four cerebral lobes: frontal, parietal,
temporal, and occipital. White matter consisting of myelinated axons is also found within the
cerebrum.
The malleus, incus, and stapes
A. are ear ossicles.
B. are located in the outer ear.
