NR 548 Exam 1: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Psychiatric-Mental Health NP Role,
History, Ethics & Standards | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified
Answers) – Chamberlain University
Subject: Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) – History of Psychiatric Nursing, ANA
Code of Ethics, PMHNP Scope and Standards, Social Determinants of Health, Practice Settings
Source: NR 548 Exam 1 / Chamberlain University / ANA Standards of Practice (2026/2027 Update)
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationales | Grade A Guaranteed
1. What is a PMH-APRN (Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse)?
Correct Answer: A nurse with graduate-level training who provides psychiatric-mental health care and
promotes mental health across the lifespan. Assesses, diagnoses, and treats individuals and families with
psychiatric and/or substance disorders. Works in various settings and is eligible for reimbursement
through private insurers, HMOs, PPOs, Medicare, and Medicaid.
1. PMHNPs are advanced practice nurses with specialized training in psychiatric and mental
health care across all ages.
2. They hold prescriptive authority in all 50 states and provide both psychotherapy and
pharmacologic management.
2. What is the ANA Code of Ethics: Anticipatory Guidance Competency related to?
Correct Answer: ANA Standards and Scope: Standard 5B: Health Teaching & Promotion. An educated
professional nurse is aware of normal developmental and situational threats to wellness and can educate
healthcare consumers to avoid them. Example: Moving a toddler from a crib to a bed can prevent injury
associated with climbing out of the crib at that developmental age.
1. Anticipatory guidance is a key nursing competency that prevents illness and injury.
2. It applies across the lifespan from pediatrics to geriatrics.
3. The art of nursing, according to the ANA Code of Ethics, is based on what fundamental
principles?
Correct Answer: Caring and respect for human dignity
1. Provision 1 states nurses practice with compassion and respect for inherent dignity, worth, and
unique attributes of every person.
2. Caring and respect form the ethical foundation of nursing practice.
4. Who created the first organized training school within a hospital for the insane in 1882?
Correct Answer: Dr. Edward Cowles
1. This marked the beginning of formal psychiatric nursing education.
2. Before this, psychiatric nurses were trained by physicians.
, 5. Who developed the first nurse-organized training course for psychiatric nursing at Johns
Hopkins Hospital in 1913?
Correct Answer: Effie Jane Taylor
1. This was a landmark advancement for nursing-led education in psychiatric care.
2. Taylor's work established psychiatric nursing as a distinct specialty.
6. Following WWI, what did the National League for Nursing Education add to curriculum guides?
Correct Answer: "Nursing in nervous and mental diseases"
1. This formalized psychiatric nursing content in nursing education standards.
2. WWI highlighted the need for trained psychiatric nurses for veterans with combat-related
conditions.
7. What did Laura Fitzsimmons recommend after WWII regarding psychiatric nursing?
Correct Answer: Standards of training for psychiatric nurses, which led to improved education and
standards of care.
1. Many WWII recruits were deemed unfit due to psychiatric concerns; many veterans had
combat-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
2. Fitzsimmons' recommendations advanced psychiatric nursing education and practice standards.
8. What did the National Mental Health Act (NMHA) of 1946 accomplish for psychiatric nursing?
Correct Answer: Psychiatric nursing was recognized as one of the four core disciplines in psychiatric
care and treatment. The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing education programs and
contributed to growth in university-based nursing education.
1. The four core disciplines: psychiatry, psychology, social work, and psychiatric nursing.
2. This act legitimized psychiatric nursing as an independent profession.
9. When and where was the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing established, and by
whom?
Correct Answer: 1954 at Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau, to prepare nurse therapists. The
first advanced practice nursing role was the psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse specialist
(PMHCNS).
1. Hildegarde Peplau is known as the "mother of psychiatric nursing."
2. Her interpersonal relations model transformed psychiatric nursing practice.
10. What did the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 accomplish?
Correct Answer: Allowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory
settings as they helped those who had been deinstitutionalized adapt. The 1950s brought a transition
towards deinstitutionalization, increasing psychiatric clients receiving care in the community rather than
hospitals.
1. This act funded community mental health centers and reduced reliance on state hospitals.
2. PMHCNS roles expanded dramatically in community settings.
History, Ethics & Standards | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified
Answers) – Chamberlain University
Subject: Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) – History of Psychiatric Nursing, ANA
Code of Ethics, PMHNP Scope and Standards, Social Determinants of Health, Practice Settings
Source: NR 548 Exam 1 / Chamberlain University / ANA Standards of Practice (2026/2027 Update)
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationales | Grade A Guaranteed
1. What is a PMH-APRN (Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse)?
Correct Answer: A nurse with graduate-level training who provides psychiatric-mental health care and
promotes mental health across the lifespan. Assesses, diagnoses, and treats individuals and families with
psychiatric and/or substance disorders. Works in various settings and is eligible for reimbursement
through private insurers, HMOs, PPOs, Medicare, and Medicaid.
1. PMHNPs are advanced practice nurses with specialized training in psychiatric and mental
health care across all ages.
2. They hold prescriptive authority in all 50 states and provide both psychotherapy and
pharmacologic management.
2. What is the ANA Code of Ethics: Anticipatory Guidance Competency related to?
Correct Answer: ANA Standards and Scope: Standard 5B: Health Teaching & Promotion. An educated
professional nurse is aware of normal developmental and situational threats to wellness and can educate
healthcare consumers to avoid them. Example: Moving a toddler from a crib to a bed can prevent injury
associated with climbing out of the crib at that developmental age.
1. Anticipatory guidance is a key nursing competency that prevents illness and injury.
2. It applies across the lifespan from pediatrics to geriatrics.
3. The art of nursing, according to the ANA Code of Ethics, is based on what fundamental
principles?
Correct Answer: Caring and respect for human dignity
1. Provision 1 states nurses practice with compassion and respect for inherent dignity, worth, and
unique attributes of every person.
2. Caring and respect form the ethical foundation of nursing practice.
4. Who created the first organized training school within a hospital for the insane in 1882?
Correct Answer: Dr. Edward Cowles
1. This marked the beginning of formal psychiatric nursing education.
2. Before this, psychiatric nurses were trained by physicians.
, 5. Who developed the first nurse-organized training course for psychiatric nursing at Johns
Hopkins Hospital in 1913?
Correct Answer: Effie Jane Taylor
1. This was a landmark advancement for nursing-led education in psychiatric care.
2. Taylor's work established psychiatric nursing as a distinct specialty.
6. Following WWI, what did the National League for Nursing Education add to curriculum guides?
Correct Answer: "Nursing in nervous and mental diseases"
1. This formalized psychiatric nursing content in nursing education standards.
2. WWI highlighted the need for trained psychiatric nurses for veterans with combat-related
conditions.
7. What did Laura Fitzsimmons recommend after WWII regarding psychiatric nursing?
Correct Answer: Standards of training for psychiatric nurses, which led to improved education and
standards of care.
1. Many WWII recruits were deemed unfit due to psychiatric concerns; many veterans had
combat-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
2. Fitzsimmons' recommendations advanced psychiatric nursing education and practice standards.
8. What did the National Mental Health Act (NMHA) of 1946 accomplish for psychiatric nursing?
Correct Answer: Psychiatric nursing was recognized as one of the four core disciplines in psychiatric
care and treatment. The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing education programs and
contributed to growth in university-based nursing education.
1. The four core disciplines: psychiatry, psychology, social work, and psychiatric nursing.
2. This act legitimized psychiatric nursing as an independent profession.
9. When and where was the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing established, and by
whom?
Correct Answer: 1954 at Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau, to prepare nurse therapists. The
first advanced practice nursing role was the psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse specialist
(PMHCNS).
1. Hildegarde Peplau is known as the "mother of psychiatric nursing."
2. Her interpersonal relations model transformed psychiatric nursing practice.
10. What did the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 accomplish?
Correct Answer: Allowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory
settings as they helped those who had been deinstitutionalized adapt. The 1950s brought a transition
towards deinstitutionalization, increasing psychiatric clients receiving care in the community rather than
hospitals.
1. This act funded community mental health centers and reduced reliance on state hospitals.
2. PMHCNS roles expanded dramatically in community settings.
