NSG-522 Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Midterm Exam Study Guide Questions With
Correct Answers
What is epidemiology?
| |
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states
| | | | | | | | | |
or events in specified populations, and the application of this
| | | | | | | | | |
knowledge to control health problems.
| | | |
What is descriptive epidemiology?
| | |
Describes the distribution of health-related states and events, focusing
| | | | | | | | |
on frequency (how many) and pattern (who, where, when).
| | | | | | | |
What is analytic epidemiology?
| | |
Examines determinants (why and how), studying causal relationships
| | | | | | | |
between exposures and outcomes.
| | |
What are health-related states and events?
| | | | |
,Conditions studied in epidemiology, such as illness, injury, disability,
| | | | | | | | |
behaviors, or health-promoting factors.
| | |
What is population health?
| | |
The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution
| | | | | | | | | |
of those outcomes within the group.
| | | | | |
What are epidemiologic transitions?
| | |
Shifts in population health patterns due to changes in mortality, such as:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Age of pestilence and famine
| | | |
Age of receding pandemics
| | |
Age of degenerative and man-made diseases
| | | | |
What are the core epidemiological functions?
| | | | |
Surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluation, policy, and
| | | | | | | |
linkages.
What is a "cause" in epidemiology
| | | | |
,A factor that directly produces an effect or leads to a health outcome.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
What is a "risk factor"?
| | | |
A characteristic, behavior, or exposure that increases the likelihood of
| | | | | | | | | |
developing a disease or health outcome.
| | | | |
What is "efficacy"?
| |
The extent to which an intervention works under ideal, controlled
| | | | | | | | | |
conditions.
What is "effectiveness"?
| |
The extent to which an intervention works in real-world practice.
| | | | | | | | |
What is "efficiency"?
| |
The ability of an intervention to achieve desired outcomes with minimal
| | | | | | | | | | |
resources or cost. | |
, What are the key concepts in the definition of epidemiology?
| | | | | | | | |
Study, distribution, determinants, health-related states/events,
| | | | |
specified populations, and application to control health problems.
| | | | | | |
How do descriptive and analytic epidemiology differ?
| | | | | |
Descriptive = distribution (who, where, when)
| | | | |
Analytic = determinants (why, how, cause-and-effect)
| | | | |
What does "distribution" mean in epidemiology?
| | | | |
The frequency and pattern (person, place, time) of health-related
| | | | | | | | |
events.
What does "determinants" mean in epidemiology?
| | | | |
Factors such as biological, social, cultural, economic, or behavioral
| | | | | | | | |
causes influencing health.
| |
What are key historical shifts in epidemiology?
| | | | | |
Midterm Exam Study Guide Questions With
Correct Answers
What is epidemiology?
| |
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states
| | | | | | | | | |
or events in specified populations, and the application of this
| | | | | | | | | |
knowledge to control health problems.
| | | |
What is descriptive epidemiology?
| | |
Describes the distribution of health-related states and events, focusing
| | | | | | | | |
on frequency (how many) and pattern (who, where, when).
| | | | | | | |
What is analytic epidemiology?
| | |
Examines determinants (why and how), studying causal relationships
| | | | | | | |
between exposures and outcomes.
| | |
What are health-related states and events?
| | | | |
,Conditions studied in epidemiology, such as illness, injury, disability,
| | | | | | | | |
behaviors, or health-promoting factors.
| | |
What is population health?
| | |
The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution
| | | | | | | | | |
of those outcomes within the group.
| | | | | |
What are epidemiologic transitions?
| | |
Shifts in population health patterns due to changes in mortality, such as:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Age of pestilence and famine
| | | |
Age of receding pandemics
| | |
Age of degenerative and man-made diseases
| | | | |
What are the core epidemiological functions?
| | | | |
Surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluation, policy, and
| | | | | | | |
linkages.
What is a "cause" in epidemiology
| | | | |
,A factor that directly produces an effect or leads to a health outcome.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
What is a "risk factor"?
| | | |
A characteristic, behavior, or exposure that increases the likelihood of
| | | | | | | | | |
developing a disease or health outcome.
| | | | |
What is "efficacy"?
| |
The extent to which an intervention works under ideal, controlled
| | | | | | | | | |
conditions.
What is "effectiveness"?
| |
The extent to which an intervention works in real-world practice.
| | | | | | | | |
What is "efficiency"?
| |
The ability of an intervention to achieve desired outcomes with minimal
| | | | | | | | | | |
resources or cost. | |
, What are the key concepts in the definition of epidemiology?
| | | | | | | | |
Study, distribution, determinants, health-related states/events,
| | | | |
specified populations, and application to control health problems.
| | | | | | |
How do descriptive and analytic epidemiology differ?
| | | | | |
Descriptive = distribution (who, where, when)
| | | | |
Analytic = determinants (why, how, cause-and-effect)
| | | | |
What does "distribution" mean in epidemiology?
| | | | |
The frequency and pattern (person, place, time) of health-related
| | | | | | | | |
events.
What does "determinants" mean in epidemiology?
| | | | |
Factors such as biological, social, cultural, economic, or behavioral
| | | | | | | | |
causes influencing health.
| |
What are key historical shifts in epidemiology?
| | | | | |
