MED SURG COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK FINAL EXAM PRACTICE
QUESTIONS NEW UPDATED STUDY GUIDE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES (UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION) |ALREADY GRADED A+
(BRAND NEW!) Chamberlain University-Illinois
A client who is experiencing respiratory distress is admitted with
respiratory acidosis. Which pathophysiological process supports
the client's respiratory acidosis?
a. Carbon dioxide is converted in the kidneys for elimination.
b. Blood oxygen levels are stimulating the respiratory rate.
c. Hyperventilation is eliminating carbon dioxide rapidly.
d. High levels of carbon dioxide have accumulated in the blood
d. High levels of carbon dioxide have accumulated in the blood
The pathophysiological process that supports the client's
respiratory acidosis is the accumulation of high levels of carbon
dioxide in the blood. This can occur due to conditions that affect the
respiratory system's ability to remove CO2, such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
pneumonia, or drug overdose. When the body can't effectively
remove CO2, it builds up in the blood, leading to a state of
hypercapnia. This excess CO2 combines with water in the body to
form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the blood, leading to
acidosis.
,Methotrexate is prescribed for a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
who is also taking aspirin. What is the best explanation for the nurse
to provide as to why a second medication has been added?
a. Methotrexate slows the disease progression while aspirin
controls the symptoms.
b. Methotrexate has fewer harmful side effects than aspirin.
c. Methotrexate helps to reduce the side effects of aspirin therapy.
d. Methotrexate enhances the effectiveness of aspirin
a. Methotrexate slows the disease progression while aspirin
controls the symptoms.
The nurse should explain that Methotrexate and Aspirin are used
together to manage rheumatoid arthritis because they serve
different purposes.
Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).
It works by suppressing the body's immune system, which is
overactive in people with rheumatoid arthritis. By doing so,
Methotrexate slows down the
progression of the disease and reduces damage to the joints. On
the other hand, Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(NSAID). It works by reducing the production of substances in the
body that cause inflammation and pain. Therefore, while
Methotrexate is working to slow the disease
progression, Aspirin is used to control the symptoms of the disease
such as pain and inflammation. This combination allows for both the
management of symptoms and the slowing of disease progression.
, Which institution should the nurse include in the discharge teaching
plan for a client who has a cataract extraction today?
a. Use a metal eye shield on the operative eye during the day.
b. Administer eye ointment before applying eye drops.
c. Sexual activities may be resumed upon return home.
d. Light housekeeping is sale to do but avoid heavy lifting.
d. Light housekeeping is sale to do but avoid heavy lifting.
This is correct because heavy lifting can increase intraocular
pressure, which can lead to complications after cataract surgery.
Light activities do not pose this risk.
A client who has developed acute kidney injury (AKI) due to an
aminoglycoside antibiotic has moved from the oliguric phase to
the diuretic phase of AKI. Which parameters are most important for
the nurse to plan to carefully monitor?
a. A side effect of total parental nutrition (TPN) and Intralipids.
b. Uremic irritation of mucous membranes and skin surfaces.
c. Elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
d. Hypovolemia and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes.
d. Hypovolemia and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes.
, A remarkable feature of the kidney is its ability to regain normal
structure and function after an acute kidney injury, like in this case
due to
aminoglycoside use. The return of glomerular filtration aids
clearance of tubular debris and relief of obstruction. A period may
exist where
glomerular filtration has normalized, but tubular function remains
deranged or abnormal, and this constitutes the diuretic phase of
Acute Tubular
Necrosis, where urine output is often excessive without normal
homoeostasis.
This excessive urine output can lead to hypovolemia. The nurse must
look out for signs such as low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, and
quick,
shallow breathing. This can lead to occurence of prerenal azotemia
and further kidney and other organ damage.
In this phase, there will also be electrolyte imbalances, especially
hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. Hyperkalemia can be associated
with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. On ECG, hyperkalemia
manifests as peaked T waves, prolonged PR interval, P wave
flattening, and a widened QRS
complex. In addition to these worrisome cardiac effects,
hyperkalemia can also lead to neuromuscular dysfunction and,
potentially, respiratory failure.
QUESTIONS NEW UPDATED STUDY GUIDE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES (UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION) |ALREADY GRADED A+
(BRAND NEW!) Chamberlain University-Illinois
A client who is experiencing respiratory distress is admitted with
respiratory acidosis. Which pathophysiological process supports
the client's respiratory acidosis?
a. Carbon dioxide is converted in the kidneys for elimination.
b. Blood oxygen levels are stimulating the respiratory rate.
c. Hyperventilation is eliminating carbon dioxide rapidly.
d. High levels of carbon dioxide have accumulated in the blood
d. High levels of carbon dioxide have accumulated in the blood
The pathophysiological process that supports the client's
respiratory acidosis is the accumulation of high levels of carbon
dioxide in the blood. This can occur due to conditions that affect the
respiratory system's ability to remove CO2, such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
pneumonia, or drug overdose. When the body can't effectively
remove CO2, it builds up in the blood, leading to a state of
hypercapnia. This excess CO2 combines with water in the body to
form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the blood, leading to
acidosis.
,Methotrexate is prescribed for a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
who is also taking aspirin. What is the best explanation for the nurse
to provide as to why a second medication has been added?
a. Methotrexate slows the disease progression while aspirin
controls the symptoms.
b. Methotrexate has fewer harmful side effects than aspirin.
c. Methotrexate helps to reduce the side effects of aspirin therapy.
d. Methotrexate enhances the effectiveness of aspirin
a. Methotrexate slows the disease progression while aspirin
controls the symptoms.
The nurse should explain that Methotrexate and Aspirin are used
together to manage rheumatoid arthritis because they serve
different purposes.
Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).
It works by suppressing the body's immune system, which is
overactive in people with rheumatoid arthritis. By doing so,
Methotrexate slows down the
progression of the disease and reduces damage to the joints. On
the other hand, Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(NSAID). It works by reducing the production of substances in the
body that cause inflammation and pain. Therefore, while
Methotrexate is working to slow the disease
progression, Aspirin is used to control the symptoms of the disease
such as pain and inflammation. This combination allows for both the
management of symptoms and the slowing of disease progression.
, Which institution should the nurse include in the discharge teaching
plan for a client who has a cataract extraction today?
a. Use a metal eye shield on the operative eye during the day.
b. Administer eye ointment before applying eye drops.
c. Sexual activities may be resumed upon return home.
d. Light housekeeping is sale to do but avoid heavy lifting.
d. Light housekeeping is sale to do but avoid heavy lifting.
This is correct because heavy lifting can increase intraocular
pressure, which can lead to complications after cataract surgery.
Light activities do not pose this risk.
A client who has developed acute kidney injury (AKI) due to an
aminoglycoside antibiotic has moved from the oliguric phase to
the diuretic phase of AKI. Which parameters are most important for
the nurse to plan to carefully monitor?
a. A side effect of total parental nutrition (TPN) and Intralipids.
b. Uremic irritation of mucous membranes and skin surfaces.
c. Elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
d. Hypovolemia and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes.
d. Hypovolemia and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes.
, A remarkable feature of the kidney is its ability to regain normal
structure and function after an acute kidney injury, like in this case
due to
aminoglycoside use. The return of glomerular filtration aids
clearance of tubular debris and relief of obstruction. A period may
exist where
glomerular filtration has normalized, but tubular function remains
deranged or abnormal, and this constitutes the diuretic phase of
Acute Tubular
Necrosis, where urine output is often excessive without normal
homoeostasis.
This excessive urine output can lead to hypovolemia. The nurse must
look out for signs such as low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, and
quick,
shallow breathing. This can lead to occurence of prerenal azotemia
and further kidney and other organ damage.
In this phase, there will also be electrolyte imbalances, especially
hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. Hyperkalemia can be associated
with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. On ECG, hyperkalemia
manifests as peaked T waves, prolonged PR interval, P wave
flattening, and a widened QRS
complex. In addition to these worrisome cardiac effects,
hyperkalemia can also lead to neuromuscular dysfunction and,
potentially, respiratory failure.
