Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
1. What are the two main functions of the kidney Review diagram for anatomical structures
1. Filtration and collection
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter urethra.
True/False
True
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
Increase water consumption
Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
Taking more Vitamin D
Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
Increase water consumption
,Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
Fever
Flank pain
Urgency
Decreased Urination
Urgency
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
It is usually asymptomatic
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Bacteria are located mostly in the lower urinary tract
Is associated with young adults
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Perimenopause
Frequent showering
Marathon running
Pregnancy
Pregnancy
,Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
1. Where do bacteria commonly come from in UTI's
2. Where can a UTI occur?
3. It is more common for women to develop a UTI especially when
1. Bacteria from the gut can invade the urinary epithelium to cause inflammation and infection
2. anywhere along the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney
3. pregnant, sexually active, during post-menopause with estrogen-deficiency and when being
treated with antibiotics where the normal bacteria flora is diminished
1. Escherichia coli can bind to cells in the lower urinary tract and hide from the immune cells.
The bacteria can form biofilms-what is this?
2. Describe the pathophysiology of a UTI that can lead to septic shock or bacterimia
Note the diagram btw a male & female urinary tracts (who's is much shorter)
1. A biofilm is any group of microorganisms that allow them to stick to one another and adhere
to surfaces that help them survive.
2. First, bacteria enter and contaminate the lower urinary tract. This causes the colonization of
bacteria in the urethra and the bladder. If the UTI progresses the bacteria can ascend to the
kidneys and colonize there. At this point, the infection becomes an upper UTI. From there, if left
untreated, the bacteria can spread into the circulation via the renal veins causing bacteremia
UTI risk factors
1. For women, pregnancy is a risk factor. why?
, Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
2. The ofemale oureter ois oshorter oand
3. Post-menopausal owomen oare oalso oat orisk obecause
4. Sexual ointercourse ois oa orisk ofactor oespecially oif owomen ouse
5. Indwelling ourinary ocatheterization ois oalso oa omajor ocause oof oa oUTI
1. During opregnancy, oprogesterone orelaxes osmooth omuscle othat ocauses ostasis oof
ourine, oallowing othe obacteria oto ocolonize
2. allows ofor othe oentrance oof obacteria ointo othe ourethra.
3. lack oof oestrogen oresults oin ovaginal oand ourethral odryness opromoting oan
oenvironment ofor obacteria ogrowth.
4. spermicides
5. Fibrinogen oaccumulates oon othe ocatheter owhich oprovides oan oideal
oenvironment ofor othe oattachment oof ouropathogens othat othen oform obiofilms.
oThis oresults oin oepithelial odamage
Lower ovs. oUpper oTract oDisorders
1. Lower oUTI's oinclude owhat oparts oof othe ourinary otract
2. In oa olower ourinary otract odisorder, othe oindividual oexperiences o(blank) oOther
ocommon osymptoms oinclude
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
1. What are the two main functions of the kidney Review diagram for anatomical structures
1. Filtration and collection
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter urethra.
True/False
True
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
Increase water consumption
Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
Taking more Vitamin D
Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
Increase water consumption
,Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
Fever
Flank pain
Urgency
Decreased Urination
Urgency
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
It is usually asymptomatic
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Bacteria are located mostly in the lower urinary tract
Is associated with young adults
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Perimenopause
Frequent showering
Marathon running
Pregnancy
Pregnancy
,Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
1. Where do bacteria commonly come from in UTI's
2. Where can a UTI occur?
3. It is more common for women to develop a UTI especially when
1. Bacteria from the gut can invade the urinary epithelium to cause inflammation and infection
2. anywhere along the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney
3. pregnant, sexually active, during post-menopause with estrogen-deficiency and when being
treated with antibiotics where the normal bacteria flora is diminished
1. Escherichia coli can bind to cells in the lower urinary tract and hide from the immune cells.
The bacteria can form biofilms-what is this?
2. Describe the pathophysiology of a UTI that can lead to septic shock or bacterimia
Note the diagram btw a male & female urinary tracts (who's is much shorter)
1. A biofilm is any group of microorganisms that allow them to stick to one another and adhere
to surfaces that help them survive.
2. First, bacteria enter and contaminate the lower urinary tract. This causes the colonization of
bacteria in the urethra and the bladder. If the UTI progresses the bacteria can ascend to the
kidneys and colonize there. At this point, the infection becomes an upper UTI. From there, if left
untreated, the bacteria can spread into the circulation via the renal veins causing bacteremia
UTI risk factors
1. For women, pregnancy is a risk factor. why?
, Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
100% Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
2. The ofemale oureter ois oshorter oand
3. Post-menopausal owomen oare oalso oat orisk obecause
4. Sexual ointercourse ois oa orisk ofactor oespecially oif owomen ouse
5. Indwelling ourinary ocatheterization ois oalso oa omajor ocause oof oa oUTI
1. During opregnancy, oprogesterone orelaxes osmooth omuscle othat ocauses ostasis oof
ourine, oallowing othe obacteria oto ocolonize
2. allows ofor othe oentrance oof obacteria ointo othe ourethra.
3. lack oof oestrogen oresults oin ovaginal oand ourethral odryness opromoting oan
oenvironment ofor obacteria ogrowth.
4. spermicides
5. Fibrinogen oaccumulates oon othe ocatheter owhich oprovides oan oideal
oenvironment ofor othe oattachment oof ouropathogens othat othen oform obiofilms.
oThis oresults oin oepithelial odamage
Lower ovs. oUpper oTract oDisorders
1. Lower oUTI's oinclude owhat oparts oof othe ourinary otract
2. In oa olower ourinary otract odisorder, othe oindividual oexperiences o(blank) oOther
ocommon osymptoms oinclude
