NR565: WEEK 1: TEST QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
1) Pharmacokinetics -- Answer ✔✔ What the body does to a drug
- The study of what happens to a drug from the time of administration until
the parent drug & all metabolites leave the body.
- the rate and extent to which drugs move from the point of entry or route
of administration, gain access to the bloodstream, and are absorbed and
distributed to the tissues of the body
2) Four phases of pharmacokinetics -- Answer ✔✔ • absorption
• distribution
• metabolism
• excretion
3) onset of action -- Answer ✔✔ how long before the medication first begins to
effect the patient
4) time to peak effect -- Answer ✔✔ how long before the medication is at the
height of its effect
5) duration of action -- Answer ✔✔ how long the therapeutic effect lasts
6) half-life -- Answer ✔✔ the time required for half of a chemical to be eliminated
from the body
,7) steady state -- Answer ✔✔ the amount of drug going in is the same as the
amount of drug going out
- achieving requires between 5 & 6 half-lives
8) onset -- Answer ✔✔ the time needed following the administration of the dose
for the action of the drug to begin
9) drug is usually considered effectively eliminated after about ______ half lives --
Answer ✔✔ five
10) peak and trough -- Answer ✔✔ -peak
• highest level of the drug achieved following the dose
- trough
• the level to which the drug concentration has dropped immediately prior
to the next dose
11) duration -- Answer ✔✔ length of time the drug remains active, measured from
the point the rising level crosses into the therapeutic range to where elimination
takes it back below therapeutic range
12) Pharmacokinetics: Absorption -- Answer ✔✔ -Bioavailability: the extent to which
the medication can be absorbed
• directly affected by route of administration
- routes of administration
• enteral: oral or directly into GI tract
• parental: piercing skin or mucous membrane
13) first pass effect -- Answer ✔✔ The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic
circulation through the bloodstream.
- liver chemically processes the drug into active & inactive metabolites
• ratio of active & inactive metabolites affect the bioavailability
- first pass effect may be low, moderate, or high depending on the drug
14) Parental routes don’t experience __________ -- Answer ✔✔ first pass effect
- are 100% available as they enter the bloodstream
, 15) Parenteral Routes -- Answer ✔✔ in general:
- Given IV are accessed more rapidly than given IM
• IM must first gain access to the circulation
- Given IM are accessed more rapidly than Subcutaneously
• less access to circulation in fatty tissue than in muscle
16) Parenteral Route absorption -- Answer ✔✔ -IM & subQ
• absorb more rapidly if heat or massage to the site
• absorb more slowly if cold is applied or ind has poor peripheral
circulation
17) any drug not given by some form of injection will always have a bioavailability of
_________ -- Answer ✔✔ less than 100%
18) topical medications -- Answer ✔✔ -those applied to the:
• skin
• eyes
• ears
• nose
• rectum
• vagina
- intended for action at the site of application
- in chemically active form
19) transdermal medication -- Answer ✔✔ -applied to skin surface but intended for
internal effect
• carried through the skin barrier for absorption directly into the blood
stream
- not subject to first pass effect
- mark with date and time
- alternate sites
- remove old patch before applying new one
- don’t apply over scar tissue; med will not absorb properly
20) inhalant medications -- Answer ✔✔ -intended for direct action in the lung or for
distribution to other areas of the body
- long term asthma control
ANSWERS
1) Pharmacokinetics -- Answer ✔✔ What the body does to a drug
- The study of what happens to a drug from the time of administration until
the parent drug & all metabolites leave the body.
- the rate and extent to which drugs move from the point of entry or route
of administration, gain access to the bloodstream, and are absorbed and
distributed to the tissues of the body
2) Four phases of pharmacokinetics -- Answer ✔✔ • absorption
• distribution
• metabolism
• excretion
3) onset of action -- Answer ✔✔ how long before the medication first begins to
effect the patient
4) time to peak effect -- Answer ✔✔ how long before the medication is at the
height of its effect
5) duration of action -- Answer ✔✔ how long the therapeutic effect lasts
6) half-life -- Answer ✔✔ the time required for half of a chemical to be eliminated
from the body
,7) steady state -- Answer ✔✔ the amount of drug going in is the same as the
amount of drug going out
- achieving requires between 5 & 6 half-lives
8) onset -- Answer ✔✔ the time needed following the administration of the dose
for the action of the drug to begin
9) drug is usually considered effectively eliminated after about ______ half lives --
Answer ✔✔ five
10) peak and trough -- Answer ✔✔ -peak
• highest level of the drug achieved following the dose
- trough
• the level to which the drug concentration has dropped immediately prior
to the next dose
11) duration -- Answer ✔✔ length of time the drug remains active, measured from
the point the rising level crosses into the therapeutic range to where elimination
takes it back below therapeutic range
12) Pharmacokinetics: Absorption -- Answer ✔✔ -Bioavailability: the extent to which
the medication can be absorbed
• directly affected by route of administration
- routes of administration
• enteral: oral or directly into GI tract
• parental: piercing skin or mucous membrane
13) first pass effect -- Answer ✔✔ The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic
circulation through the bloodstream.
- liver chemically processes the drug into active & inactive metabolites
• ratio of active & inactive metabolites affect the bioavailability
- first pass effect may be low, moderate, or high depending on the drug
14) Parental routes don’t experience __________ -- Answer ✔✔ first pass effect
- are 100% available as they enter the bloodstream
, 15) Parenteral Routes -- Answer ✔✔ in general:
- Given IV are accessed more rapidly than given IM
• IM must first gain access to the circulation
- Given IM are accessed more rapidly than Subcutaneously
• less access to circulation in fatty tissue than in muscle
16) Parenteral Route absorption -- Answer ✔✔ -IM & subQ
• absorb more rapidly if heat or massage to the site
• absorb more slowly if cold is applied or ind has poor peripheral
circulation
17) any drug not given by some form of injection will always have a bioavailability of
_________ -- Answer ✔✔ less than 100%
18) topical medications -- Answer ✔✔ -those applied to the:
• skin
• eyes
• ears
• nose
• rectum
• vagina
- intended for action at the site of application
- in chemically active form
19) transdermal medication -- Answer ✔✔ -applied to skin surface but intended for
internal effect
• carried through the skin barrier for absorption directly into the blood
stream
- not subject to first pass effect
- mark with date and time
- alternate sites
- remove old patch before applying new one
- don’t apply over scar tissue; med will not absorb properly
20) inhalant medications -- Answer ✔✔ -intended for direct action in the lung or for
distribution to other areas of the body
- long term asthma control
