Period 1+2 PET Review: 1491-1607. 1607-
1754. Exam With Complete Solutions
maize cultivation - ANSWER The production and distribution of corn, know at
this time as maize. The crop itself was grown from present day Mexico to the
now American Southwest. Through this cultivation economic development and
diversification was fostered.
hunter-gather economy - ANSWER The people of this system live chiefly by
hunting, fishing, and harvesting wild food. Most Native Americans used this
system before becoming agricultural economies.
agricultural economy - ANSWER A type of economy that that relied on farming.
The spread of maize cultivation allowed more Native Americans to become
farmers.
Columbian Exchange - ANSWER Exchange of goods, ideas, diseases, and
people between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. Each region was significantly
impacted as a result of trade and contact.
Portuguese exploration - ANSWER Enjoyed a head start on exploration because
of its location in Europe. Became one of the early economic powers because of
their commercial network along the African coast to set up trading posts for
gold and slaves.
Spanish exploration - ANSWER The first European country to seize the
opportunities (God, Gold Glory) created by the New World. Instituted
encomienda system. The conquistadores destroy native populations.
encomienda system - ANSWER It gave settlers the right to tax and enslave local
Native Americans created by the Spanish. In exchange, these settlers were
supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to
Christianity. Disguised form of slavery.
feudalism - ANSWER A political system in which nobles are granted the use of
lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military
service. New World exploration changed this system to more capitalism.
capitalism - ANSWER An economic system that developed in Europe following
New World Exploration. Investment in and ownership of the means of
, production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly
by private individuals or corporations.
Treaty of Tordesillas - ANSWER A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain,
declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the
Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of
the line would belong to Portugal.
plantation-based agriculture - ANSWER Big farms that were supported by the
encomienda system. Indian labor was used in this. Labor was eventually
replaced with slave labor. Mainly in found southern North America and in South
America/the Caribbean.
mestizos - ANSWER Race of people created when the Spanish intermarried with
the surviving Native Americans in Latin America.
the Black Legend - ANSWER The belief that the Spanish only stole, killed, and
tortured in the Americas, without a positive outcome.
Christopher Columbus - ANSWER An Italian navigator who was funded by the
Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for
discovering the "New World,". He made 4 voyages to the "New World." The first
sighting of land was on October 12, 1492.
Bartolome de las Casas - ANSWER A Spanish monk who wrote a scathing
account of Spanish treatment of the Native Americans. He devoted most of his
life to protecting American Indians from Spanish exploitation.
Hernando Cortes - ANSWER Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and
conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda - ANSWER An apologist of Spanish exploitation of
Native Americans. His reasons were that Indians were barbarous and inhuman
and therefore did not deserve to own property. Instead they are destined to
serve their natural masters; the Spaniards.
Pocahontas - ANSWER A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief
Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe
John Rolfe - ANSWER He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he
married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in
Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful
colony.
James Oglethorpe - ANSWER English leader who founded the colony of Georgia
as a place where debtors from England could begin new lives
1754. Exam With Complete Solutions
maize cultivation - ANSWER The production and distribution of corn, know at
this time as maize. The crop itself was grown from present day Mexico to the
now American Southwest. Through this cultivation economic development and
diversification was fostered.
hunter-gather economy - ANSWER The people of this system live chiefly by
hunting, fishing, and harvesting wild food. Most Native Americans used this
system before becoming agricultural economies.
agricultural economy - ANSWER A type of economy that that relied on farming.
The spread of maize cultivation allowed more Native Americans to become
farmers.
Columbian Exchange - ANSWER Exchange of goods, ideas, diseases, and
people between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. Each region was significantly
impacted as a result of trade and contact.
Portuguese exploration - ANSWER Enjoyed a head start on exploration because
of its location in Europe. Became one of the early economic powers because of
their commercial network along the African coast to set up trading posts for
gold and slaves.
Spanish exploration - ANSWER The first European country to seize the
opportunities (God, Gold Glory) created by the New World. Instituted
encomienda system. The conquistadores destroy native populations.
encomienda system - ANSWER It gave settlers the right to tax and enslave local
Native Americans created by the Spanish. In exchange, these settlers were
supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to
Christianity. Disguised form of slavery.
feudalism - ANSWER A political system in which nobles are granted the use of
lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military
service. New World exploration changed this system to more capitalism.
capitalism - ANSWER An economic system that developed in Europe following
New World Exploration. Investment in and ownership of the means of
, production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly
by private individuals or corporations.
Treaty of Tordesillas - ANSWER A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain,
declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the
Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of
the line would belong to Portugal.
plantation-based agriculture - ANSWER Big farms that were supported by the
encomienda system. Indian labor was used in this. Labor was eventually
replaced with slave labor. Mainly in found southern North America and in South
America/the Caribbean.
mestizos - ANSWER Race of people created when the Spanish intermarried with
the surviving Native Americans in Latin America.
the Black Legend - ANSWER The belief that the Spanish only stole, killed, and
tortured in the Americas, without a positive outcome.
Christopher Columbus - ANSWER An Italian navigator who was funded by the
Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for
discovering the "New World,". He made 4 voyages to the "New World." The first
sighting of land was on October 12, 1492.
Bartolome de las Casas - ANSWER A Spanish monk who wrote a scathing
account of Spanish treatment of the Native Americans. He devoted most of his
life to protecting American Indians from Spanish exploitation.
Hernando Cortes - ANSWER Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and
conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda - ANSWER An apologist of Spanish exploitation of
Native Americans. His reasons were that Indians were barbarous and inhuman
and therefore did not deserve to own property. Instead they are destined to
serve their natural masters; the Spaniards.
Pocahontas - ANSWER A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief
Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe
John Rolfe - ANSWER He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he
married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in
Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful
colony.
James Oglethorpe - ANSWER English leader who founded the colony of Georgia
as a place where debtors from England could begin new lives
