NURS 302 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE AND ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
1) Circadian rhythms -- Answer ✔✔ people experience cyclical rhythms as part of
their everyday lives. Most familiar is 24 hour, day night cycle known as diurnal or
circadian rhythm. It influences the pattern of major biological and behavioral
functions.
2) What changes occur due to the circadian rhythm -- Answer ✔✔ body temp,
heart rate, BP, hormone secretions, sensory acuity, and mood
3) What factors affect the circadian rhythm -- Answer ✔✔ light, temperature, social
activities, and work routines
4) sleep regulation -- Answer ✔✔ involves a sequence of physiological states
maintained by the CNS
5) major sleep center of the body -- Answer ✔✔ hypothalamus
,6) stages of sleep -- Answer ✔✔ nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (75% of
night) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (25% of night)
7) N1 stage -- Answer ✔✔ -lightest level of sleep, lasting just a few minutes -
gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism
8) N2 stage -- Answer ✔✔ -relaxation progresses
- arousal is still relatively easy
- brain and muscle activity continue to slow
9) N3 stage -- Answer ✔✔ - slow-wave sleep
- deepest stage of sleep
- difficult to arouse and rarely moves
- brain and muscle activity significantly decreased
- vital signs are lower than waking hours
10) REM sleep -- Answer ✔✔ -vivid, full-color dreaming occurs
- usually begins around 90 minutes after sleep begins
- autonomic response of rapid eye movement, fluctuating heart and
respiratory rates, increased or fluctuating BP
- loss of skeletal muscle tone
- gastric secretions increase
- very difficult to arouse sleeper
- duration of sleep increases with each cycle and averages 20 minutes
11) function of sleep -- Answer ✔✔ restoration, memory consolidation, and
preparation for next period of wakefulness - heart slows to preserve cardiac
function, restores biological process, repairs and renews cells, conserves energy
supplied to body
- REM is important for cognition, and memory in early brain development
12) Hormones released to regulate sleep -- Answer ✔✔ - hypothalamus secretes
hypocretins (orexins) that promote wakefulness and REM sleep
, - Prostaglandin D2, L-tryptophan, and growth factor control sleep
13) how physical illness affects sleep -- Answer ✔✔ -traction, brace, or cast
- Respiratory distress: emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and allergic rhinitis
- common cold, sore throat, heart disease, HTN, nocturia
- restless leg syndrome, GI disease, peptic ulcer disease, reflux and irritable
bowl
14) sleep disorders -- Answer ✔✔ insomnias, sleep deprivation, restless leg
syndrome
- cause disturbed nighttime sleep that results in insomnia, abnormal
movements or sensations during sleep or when waking up at night, or
excessive daytime sleepiness
- more common in children and adolescents with either neurological
conditions or neurodevelopmental disabilities
15) Assessment questions to ask about sleep -- Answer ✔✔ - nature of the problem,
signs and symptoms, onset and duration of s/s, severity, predisposing factors,
effect on patient, ask what patient expects regarding sleep
16) Sleep Deprivation Symptoms: Physiological -- Answer ✔✔ - ptosis, blurred vision
- fine-motor clumsiness
- decreased reflexes
- slowed response time
- decreased reasoning and judgement
- decreased auditory and visual alertness
- cardiac arrhythmias
17) Assessment questions for specific sleep disorders -- Answer ✔✔ impaired sleep,
sleep apnea, and narcolepsy
SOLUTIONS
1) Circadian rhythms -- Answer ✔✔ people experience cyclical rhythms as part of
their everyday lives. Most familiar is 24 hour, day night cycle known as diurnal or
circadian rhythm. It influences the pattern of major biological and behavioral
functions.
2) What changes occur due to the circadian rhythm -- Answer ✔✔ body temp,
heart rate, BP, hormone secretions, sensory acuity, and mood
3) What factors affect the circadian rhythm -- Answer ✔✔ light, temperature, social
activities, and work routines
4) sleep regulation -- Answer ✔✔ involves a sequence of physiological states
maintained by the CNS
5) major sleep center of the body -- Answer ✔✔ hypothalamus
,6) stages of sleep -- Answer ✔✔ nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (75% of
night) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (25% of night)
7) N1 stage -- Answer ✔✔ -lightest level of sleep, lasting just a few minutes -
gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism
8) N2 stage -- Answer ✔✔ -relaxation progresses
- arousal is still relatively easy
- brain and muscle activity continue to slow
9) N3 stage -- Answer ✔✔ - slow-wave sleep
- deepest stage of sleep
- difficult to arouse and rarely moves
- brain and muscle activity significantly decreased
- vital signs are lower than waking hours
10) REM sleep -- Answer ✔✔ -vivid, full-color dreaming occurs
- usually begins around 90 minutes after sleep begins
- autonomic response of rapid eye movement, fluctuating heart and
respiratory rates, increased or fluctuating BP
- loss of skeletal muscle tone
- gastric secretions increase
- very difficult to arouse sleeper
- duration of sleep increases with each cycle and averages 20 minutes
11) function of sleep -- Answer ✔✔ restoration, memory consolidation, and
preparation for next period of wakefulness - heart slows to preserve cardiac
function, restores biological process, repairs and renews cells, conserves energy
supplied to body
- REM is important for cognition, and memory in early brain development
12) Hormones released to regulate sleep -- Answer ✔✔ - hypothalamus secretes
hypocretins (orexins) that promote wakefulness and REM sleep
, - Prostaglandin D2, L-tryptophan, and growth factor control sleep
13) how physical illness affects sleep -- Answer ✔✔ -traction, brace, or cast
- Respiratory distress: emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and allergic rhinitis
- common cold, sore throat, heart disease, HTN, nocturia
- restless leg syndrome, GI disease, peptic ulcer disease, reflux and irritable
bowl
14) sleep disorders -- Answer ✔✔ insomnias, sleep deprivation, restless leg
syndrome
- cause disturbed nighttime sleep that results in insomnia, abnormal
movements or sensations during sleep or when waking up at night, or
excessive daytime sleepiness
- more common in children and adolescents with either neurological
conditions or neurodevelopmental disabilities
15) Assessment questions to ask about sleep -- Answer ✔✔ - nature of the problem,
signs and symptoms, onset and duration of s/s, severity, predisposing factors,
effect on patient, ask what patient expects regarding sleep
16) Sleep Deprivation Symptoms: Physiological -- Answer ✔✔ - ptosis, blurred vision
- fine-motor clumsiness
- decreased reflexes
- slowed response time
- decreased reasoning and judgement
- decreased auditory and visual alertness
- cardiac arrhythmias
17) Assessment questions for specific sleep disorders -- Answer ✔✔ impaired sleep,
sleep apnea, and narcolepsy
