BIOL 1105 Test 1 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
Connect biology to other scientific and quantitative disciplines - ANSWER -
Biology can help understand the natural world through OBSERVATION and
REASONING
- Scientific method
-Deductive Reasoning
-Inductive Reasoning
-Reductionism
- Systems biology
- Scientific Theory
deductive reasoning - ANSWER Using general principles to make specific
predictions
ex: natural selection used to explain changes in population
inductive reasoning - ANSWER using specific observations to develop general
conclusions
ex: fossils show that life has changed on the earth over time
Reductionism - ANSWER -breaks a complex process down to its component
parts
-has advanced understanding in many areas of biology
Systems Biology - ANSWER -focuses on how components work together
-relies heavily on modeling of biological processes
-may allow prediction of emergent properties
Scientific theory - ANSWER expresses idea of which we are not certain
Scientific Method - ANSWER Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experimentation
Conclusion
Describe the characteristics of living systems - ANSWER 1) Living things are
made of cells.
,2)Living systems store and process information
3) Living systems transform energy
4) Living systems grow and reproduce
5) Living systems adapt and evolve
Recognize that living systems are diverse yet relates to each other - ANSWER -
Phylogenetic Tree: Common Ancestor; 3 domains
-organisms exhibit incredible diversity in form and function (which is observable
through an organism's phenotype, which is determined by its genotype).
However, all organisms are related to each other and descend from a common
ancestor
Identify the taxonomic ranks used to classify organisms - ANSWER -these ranks
make up a hierarchy with the domain being the most inclusive and species being
the most specific
-Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Discuss the tenants of the Cell theory - ANSWER 1) All living organisms are
composed of cells
2) Cell is the basic unit of life
3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
all cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cell
Summarize the hierarchy of organization of living systems - ANSWER atom
molecule
macromolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
, Identify an element based on its composition - ANSWER -atomic mass: P+N
-atomic number: P
-charge
-reactivity
-valance electrons
List the important chemical elements found in living systems - ANSWER Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Describe how atomic structure determines chemical properties - ANSWER -The
number of valence electrons determines its chemical properties
-valence shells that are not full form reactive atoms
-the most reactive are those in group 1
-reactivity forms the basis of bonding
Chemical Bonds form due to interaction between - ANSWER electrons thus the
reactivity of a particular atom is due to the number of electrons and whether
there are empty spaces in the outer electron shell
Summarize how molecules may be formed from atoms - ANSWER -they are held
together by chemical bonds
-these bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electrons between
the atoms
-it is only the electrons in the outermost shell that ever get involved in bonding
octet rule - ANSWER States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to
acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
chemical bonds - ANSWER An attraction between two atoms resulting from a
sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the
atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
Contrast non-covalent and covalent bonds - ANSWER covalent:
nonmetal/nonmetal
non covalent: Ionic and hydrogen
covalent bond - ANSWER A chemical bond formed when two atoms share
electrons
-tight bond
--not usually broken
-do not dissociate
-strong
-equal sharing of e-
Complete Solutions
Connect biology to other scientific and quantitative disciplines - ANSWER -
Biology can help understand the natural world through OBSERVATION and
REASONING
- Scientific method
-Deductive Reasoning
-Inductive Reasoning
-Reductionism
- Systems biology
- Scientific Theory
deductive reasoning - ANSWER Using general principles to make specific
predictions
ex: natural selection used to explain changes in population
inductive reasoning - ANSWER using specific observations to develop general
conclusions
ex: fossils show that life has changed on the earth over time
Reductionism - ANSWER -breaks a complex process down to its component
parts
-has advanced understanding in many areas of biology
Systems Biology - ANSWER -focuses on how components work together
-relies heavily on modeling of biological processes
-may allow prediction of emergent properties
Scientific theory - ANSWER expresses idea of which we are not certain
Scientific Method - ANSWER Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experimentation
Conclusion
Describe the characteristics of living systems - ANSWER 1) Living things are
made of cells.
,2)Living systems store and process information
3) Living systems transform energy
4) Living systems grow and reproduce
5) Living systems adapt and evolve
Recognize that living systems are diverse yet relates to each other - ANSWER -
Phylogenetic Tree: Common Ancestor; 3 domains
-organisms exhibit incredible diversity in form and function (which is observable
through an organism's phenotype, which is determined by its genotype).
However, all organisms are related to each other and descend from a common
ancestor
Identify the taxonomic ranks used to classify organisms - ANSWER -these ranks
make up a hierarchy with the domain being the most inclusive and species being
the most specific
-Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Discuss the tenants of the Cell theory - ANSWER 1) All living organisms are
composed of cells
2) Cell is the basic unit of life
3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
all cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cell
Summarize the hierarchy of organization of living systems - ANSWER atom
molecule
macromolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
, Identify an element based on its composition - ANSWER -atomic mass: P+N
-atomic number: P
-charge
-reactivity
-valance electrons
List the important chemical elements found in living systems - ANSWER Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Describe how atomic structure determines chemical properties - ANSWER -The
number of valence electrons determines its chemical properties
-valence shells that are not full form reactive atoms
-the most reactive are those in group 1
-reactivity forms the basis of bonding
Chemical Bonds form due to interaction between - ANSWER electrons thus the
reactivity of a particular atom is due to the number of electrons and whether
there are empty spaces in the outer electron shell
Summarize how molecules may be formed from atoms - ANSWER -they are held
together by chemical bonds
-these bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electrons between
the atoms
-it is only the electrons in the outermost shell that ever get involved in bonding
octet rule - ANSWER States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to
acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
chemical bonds - ANSWER An attraction between two atoms resulting from a
sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the
atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
Contrast non-covalent and covalent bonds - ANSWER covalent:
nonmetal/nonmetal
non covalent: Ionic and hydrogen
covalent bond - ANSWER A chemical bond formed when two atoms share
electrons
-tight bond
--not usually broken
-do not dissociate
-strong
-equal sharing of e-
