INHERITANCE X EVOLUTION
, CLONING
Somatic Nuclear transfer
PLANTS
① Tissue culture
into before /remove fungi)
-
Plant cells place growth medium w hormones (auxin) 1. sterilise plant tissue use bacteria ,
-
Grow into new plants clones of parent plant
-
Grown rapidly & all year
-
Used by scientists to preserve rare plants hard to
reproduce
used by to lots of stock
plant nurseries produce quickly
-
② cuttings
-
Gardeners take cuttings from good &
parent plant plant to produce clones
-
plants can be produced cheaplya quickly
ANIMAL
① Embryo Transplants
1 .
Sperm & egg cells taken from
prize parent
Artificially fertilise cell
-
egg
-
Embryo splits many times before
any cells become specialised
2
. cloned embryos implanted into other cows & grow into baby calves
.
3 Hundreds of "ideal" offspring can be produced
② Adult cell
cloning
1 .
Remove nuclous from unfertilised egg cell
2 .
Nucleus (removed from adult body cell) inserted into empty egs cell
.
3 Egg sell stimulated by electric snock to make it divide
4
. Placed into womb of an adult female & grow into clone of the adult body cell
E
.
.
g Dolly ,
famous cloned sheep
ISSUES :
1 .
Reduced gene pool
-
Few diff alleles in pop .
If new disease no allele to resistance wiped out
give
-
,
.
2 Study of animal clones better understanding of embryo development & disorders
ageing
.
3 preserve endangered species
4 .
Cloned animals not as
healthy as
normal ones
.
5 Concerns about humans
cloning
, CLONING
Somatic Nuclear transfer
PLANTS
① Tissue culture
into before /remove fungi)
-
Plant cells place growth medium w hormones (auxin) 1. sterilise plant tissue use bacteria ,
-
Grow into new plants clones of parent plant
-
Grown rapidly & all year
-
Used by scientists to preserve rare plants hard to
reproduce
used by to lots of stock
plant nurseries produce quickly
-
② cuttings
-
Gardeners take cuttings from good &
parent plant plant to produce clones
-
plants can be produced cheaplya quickly
ANIMAL
① Embryo Transplants
1 .
Sperm & egg cells taken from
prize parent
Artificially fertilise cell
-
egg
-
Embryo splits many times before
any cells become specialised
2
. cloned embryos implanted into other cows & grow into baby calves
.
3 Hundreds of "ideal" offspring can be produced
② Adult cell
cloning
1 .
Remove nuclous from unfertilised egg cell
2 .
Nucleus (removed from adult body cell) inserted into empty egs cell
.
3 Egg sell stimulated by electric snock to make it divide
4
. Placed into womb of an adult female & grow into clone of the adult body cell
E
.
.
g Dolly ,
famous cloned sheep
ISSUES :
1 .
Reduced gene pool
-
Few diff alleles in pop .
If new disease no allele to resistance wiped out
give
-
,
.
2 Study of animal clones better understanding of embryo development & disorders
ageing
.
3 preserve endangered species
4 .
Cloned animals not as
healthy as
normal ones
.
5 Concerns about humans
cloning
