PEAT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026
Latissimus dorsi - Answers Origin: posterior iliac crest; vertebrae T5-T12, inferior angle of scapula,
thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: anterior upper humerus
When the wheel axle is aligned further posterior... - Answers It increases energy required for
propulsion
McKenzie Method - Answers 1. Prone lying with a pillow under the wrist
2. Prone lying
3. Prone on elbows
4. Prone press-up
5. Standing extension
When the therapist passively flexes the knee... - Answers They effectively slacken the hamstring and
the sciatic nerve.
In a normal patient or one with simple HS tightness/nerve root irritation, hip flexion ROM should
increase once the knee is flexed.
If ROM does not increase, it indicates that the lesion is not the HS or the sciatic nerve, but rather
located in the buttock or hip joint itself.
Stemmer's sign - Answers Pinch toes to check the skin integrity
Weakness of the quadriceps secondary to a femoral nerve injury causes what gait deviation during
heel strike to foot flat - Answers Forward trunk lean
In a normal gait, the quads contract eccentrically to control the degree of knee flexion and prevent
the knee from buckling.
To compensate for this weakness, the patient will perform a forward trunk lean. This shift in body
weight moves the line of gravity anterior to the knee joint axis, creating an extension moment that
mechanically "locks" the knee into extension, thereby reducing the demand on the weakened
quadriceps and preventing the knee from collapsing.
TNM system - Answers T: Tumor size
N: Lymph Node Status
M: Metastasis
Tendons of the posterior knee - Answers biceps femoris, ITB (laterally); sartorius, gracilis, and
semitendinosus bundle (medially)
Barthel Index - Answers Evaluates 10 basic ADLs with a score from 0-100, focusing on independence
Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment - Answers Evaluates gait and balance
The most objective measure to assess after moving a patient from supine to sitting after extended be
rest for orthostatic hypotension - Answers Systolic blood pressure
Lunate bone palpation - Answers Wrist flexion
Controlled mobility - Answers weight shifting within a posture
Emphysema - Answers a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged,
causing breathlessness.
This leads to air trapping and hyperinflation which increases TLC and RV
T1 Myotome - Answers finger abduction/adduction
C8 Myotome - Answers finger flexion, thumb extension, ulnar deviation
Negative Lachman test (ACL) result - Answers It is performed with the knee flexed to 20-30 degrees
while the examiner attempts to translate the tibia anteriorly on the femur.
HS are the primary secondary stabilizers that pull the tibia posteriorly, active or reflexive contraction
(guarding) of these muscles can resist the examiner's anterior pull.
, This can lead to a false negative
Neurontin (gabapentin) - Answers Classification: Analgesic adjunct. Anticonvulsant.
Therapeutic Effects: Decrease seizures, neuralgias, chronic pain
Adverse Reactions & side effects: Drowsiness, ataxia. Avoid in pregnancy/breastfeeding
Nursing Implications & teaching: TID dosing should not exceed 12 hr between doses. Do not D/C
abruptly; do not take within 2hr of antacid. avoid driving-till MD OK; Avoid use with other CNS
depressants
passive insufficiency - Answers when a 2 joint muscle is lengthened over both joints simultaneously
Active insufficiency - Answers when a 2 joint muscle contracts (shortens) across both joints
simultaneously
Most important factor for candidacy for ACL surgery - Answers Skeletal maturity
Compression fracture - Answers occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself;
Could also occur due to use of prolonged corticosteroids.
Metabolic Syndrome - Answers Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of risk factors that
increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Elevated triglyceride levels: defined as >150 mg/dL
Insulin resistance: often manifested as elevated fasting blood glucose levels (>100 mg/dL)
Elevated BP: Defined as > 135/85 mmHg
Abdominal obesity: A large waistline > 40 inches in men or > 35 inches in women
Low HDL cholesterol: Good cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL in men or <50mg/dL in women
Pre-eclampsia - Answers A serious, potentially life-threatening BP disorder occurring during
pregnancy or postpartum, characterized by high BP (>140/90) and signs of organ damage, such as
protein in the urine.
Minimum space required for a standard wc - Answers Doorway: Minimum of 32, Ideal of 36 inches
Threshold height: <1/2 inches
Latch/Handle height: 34-48 inches
Opening force: 5 lbs
Turn space: 60 inches diameter
Hierarchy of Evidence - Answers Level 1: Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses
The "Gold Standard" of evidence. These are "filtered" resources that synthesize results from all
available high-quality studies (usually RCTs) on a specific topic.
Level 2: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
High-quality primary research where patients are randomly assigned to groups to eliminate bias and
establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
Level 3: Cohort Studies
Observational studies that follow a large group of people over time to see how certain exposures or
treatments affect outcomes.
Level 4: Case-Control Studies
Retrospective studies that compare people who have a condition (cases) with those who don't
(controls) to identify risk factors.
Level 5: Case Series & Case Reports
Detailed descriptions of the experience of a single patient or a small group of patients. They are useful
for identifying rare conditions but cannot prove effectiveness.
Level 6: Expert Opinion / Background Information
Opinions from respected authorities or expert committees that are not based on critical research
appraisal. This is at the base of the pyramid.
Latissimus dorsi - Answers Origin: posterior iliac crest; vertebrae T5-T12, inferior angle of scapula,
thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: anterior upper humerus
When the wheel axle is aligned further posterior... - Answers It increases energy required for
propulsion
McKenzie Method - Answers 1. Prone lying with a pillow under the wrist
2. Prone lying
3. Prone on elbows
4. Prone press-up
5. Standing extension
When the therapist passively flexes the knee... - Answers They effectively slacken the hamstring and
the sciatic nerve.
In a normal patient or one with simple HS tightness/nerve root irritation, hip flexion ROM should
increase once the knee is flexed.
If ROM does not increase, it indicates that the lesion is not the HS or the sciatic nerve, but rather
located in the buttock or hip joint itself.
Stemmer's sign - Answers Pinch toes to check the skin integrity
Weakness of the quadriceps secondary to a femoral nerve injury causes what gait deviation during
heel strike to foot flat - Answers Forward trunk lean
In a normal gait, the quads contract eccentrically to control the degree of knee flexion and prevent
the knee from buckling.
To compensate for this weakness, the patient will perform a forward trunk lean. This shift in body
weight moves the line of gravity anterior to the knee joint axis, creating an extension moment that
mechanically "locks" the knee into extension, thereby reducing the demand on the weakened
quadriceps and preventing the knee from collapsing.
TNM system - Answers T: Tumor size
N: Lymph Node Status
M: Metastasis
Tendons of the posterior knee - Answers biceps femoris, ITB (laterally); sartorius, gracilis, and
semitendinosus bundle (medially)
Barthel Index - Answers Evaluates 10 basic ADLs with a score from 0-100, focusing on independence
Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment - Answers Evaluates gait and balance
The most objective measure to assess after moving a patient from supine to sitting after extended be
rest for orthostatic hypotension - Answers Systolic blood pressure
Lunate bone palpation - Answers Wrist flexion
Controlled mobility - Answers weight shifting within a posture
Emphysema - Answers a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged,
causing breathlessness.
This leads to air trapping and hyperinflation which increases TLC and RV
T1 Myotome - Answers finger abduction/adduction
C8 Myotome - Answers finger flexion, thumb extension, ulnar deviation
Negative Lachman test (ACL) result - Answers It is performed with the knee flexed to 20-30 degrees
while the examiner attempts to translate the tibia anteriorly on the femur.
HS are the primary secondary stabilizers that pull the tibia posteriorly, active or reflexive contraction
(guarding) of these muscles can resist the examiner's anterior pull.
, This can lead to a false negative
Neurontin (gabapentin) - Answers Classification: Analgesic adjunct. Anticonvulsant.
Therapeutic Effects: Decrease seizures, neuralgias, chronic pain
Adverse Reactions & side effects: Drowsiness, ataxia. Avoid in pregnancy/breastfeeding
Nursing Implications & teaching: TID dosing should not exceed 12 hr between doses. Do not D/C
abruptly; do not take within 2hr of antacid. avoid driving-till MD OK; Avoid use with other CNS
depressants
passive insufficiency - Answers when a 2 joint muscle is lengthened over both joints simultaneously
Active insufficiency - Answers when a 2 joint muscle contracts (shortens) across both joints
simultaneously
Most important factor for candidacy for ACL surgery - Answers Skeletal maturity
Compression fracture - Answers occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself;
Could also occur due to use of prolonged corticosteroids.
Metabolic Syndrome - Answers Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of risk factors that
increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Elevated triglyceride levels: defined as >150 mg/dL
Insulin resistance: often manifested as elevated fasting blood glucose levels (>100 mg/dL)
Elevated BP: Defined as > 135/85 mmHg
Abdominal obesity: A large waistline > 40 inches in men or > 35 inches in women
Low HDL cholesterol: Good cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL in men or <50mg/dL in women
Pre-eclampsia - Answers A serious, potentially life-threatening BP disorder occurring during
pregnancy or postpartum, characterized by high BP (>140/90) and signs of organ damage, such as
protein in the urine.
Minimum space required for a standard wc - Answers Doorway: Minimum of 32, Ideal of 36 inches
Threshold height: <1/2 inches
Latch/Handle height: 34-48 inches
Opening force: 5 lbs
Turn space: 60 inches diameter
Hierarchy of Evidence - Answers Level 1: Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses
The "Gold Standard" of evidence. These are "filtered" resources that synthesize results from all
available high-quality studies (usually RCTs) on a specific topic.
Level 2: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
High-quality primary research where patients are randomly assigned to groups to eliminate bias and
establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
Level 3: Cohort Studies
Observational studies that follow a large group of people over time to see how certain exposures or
treatments affect outcomes.
Level 4: Case-Control Studies
Retrospective studies that compare people who have a condition (cases) with those who don't
(controls) to identify risk factors.
Level 5: Case Series & Case Reports
Detailed descriptions of the experience of a single patient or a small group of patients. They are useful
for identifying rare conditions but cannot prove effectiveness.
Level 6: Expert Opinion / Background Information
Opinions from respected authorities or expert committees that are not based on critical research
appraisal. This is at the base of the pyramid.
