NSG 530 Exam 1 (Latest )
Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and
Verified Answers 100% Correct (Grade A )-
Wilkes
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small
arterioles and release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from
neutrophils that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium
pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. -
correct - answer B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during
ischemia
,b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are
removed by endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above - correct - answer B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation - correct - answer D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell
necrosis and apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
,d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. - correct -
answer C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's
echocardiogram shows moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You
know that the stenotic valve creates an increased resistance against which the left
ventricle contracts. The cellular adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is
which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. metaplasia - correct - answer B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic - correct - answer A
, Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve). As
the years go by, the left atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of
the stenotic valve, begins to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If
the left ventricle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - correct - answer A
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change - correct - answer B
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as a medication, which
of the following would result?
Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and
Verified Answers 100% Correct (Grade A )-
Wilkes
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small
arterioles and release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from
neutrophils that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium
pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. -
correct - answer B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during
ischemia
,b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are
removed by endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above - correct - answer B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation - correct - answer D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell
necrosis and apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
,d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. - correct -
answer C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's
echocardiogram shows moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You
know that the stenotic valve creates an increased resistance against which the left
ventricle contracts. The cellular adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is
which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. metaplasia - correct - answer B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic - correct - answer A
, Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve). As
the years go by, the left atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of
the stenotic valve, begins to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If
the left ventricle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - correct - answer A
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change - correct - answer B
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as a medication, which
of the following would result?
