PSY 260 FINAL EXAM 1

PSY 260 FINAL EXAM 1 Chapter 1 1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research? a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire b. Applying a new therapy technique c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study d. Undergoing a brain scan REF: Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important 2. Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All of the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT: a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies REF: Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important 3. ________ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory. a. Falsifiability b. Theorizing c. Empiricism d. Application REF: How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle 4. Benjamin is a social psychologist who studies marriage. He believes that marital satisfaction has two components: the ability to trust one’s partner and a belief that one can be a good spouse. This is known as: a. A theory b. A hypothesis c. Data d. Research REF: How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle 5. Which of the following is true of the relationship between hypotheses and theories? a. Hypotheses used to determine if a theory is accurate. b. Theories are used to determine if a hypothesis is accurate. c. Multiple theories are needed to test whether a hypothesis is accurate. d. Hypotheses and theories are synonymous terms.REF: How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle 6. Which of the following is an example of applied research? a. A social psychologist who is interested in the components of self-concept b. An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year-olds c. A personality psychologist who studies the difference between introverts and extroverts d. A cognitive psychologist who looks at the difference in problem-solving abilities of men and women REF: How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Tackle Applied and Basic Problems 7. Research that is done specifically to add to our general understanding of psychology, like distinguishing the components of extraversion or predicting the time it takes a person to determine whether an object is a face or another object, is known as: a. Basic research c. Empirical research b. Applied research d. Translational research REF: How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Tackle Applied and Basic Problems 8. Which of the following is the reason that scientific journals use peer review? a. It is cost effective. b. It is more efficient/faster. c. It encourages collaboration among researchers. d. It ensures that the studies published are of the highest quality. REF: How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Make It Public: The Publication Process Chapter 2 9. James is asked about what is the best way to study for an exam. He responds that the best way to study is by making flash cards. He easily thinks of all the times he used flash cards and he made A's. However, he fails to take into consideration all the times he made A's and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well. His faulty thinking is an example of: a. Cherry-picking evidence c. Present/present bias b. Availability heuristic d. Asking biased questions REF: The Research vs. Your Intuition: Intuition Is Biased by Faulty Thinking10. Edward believes that there are a lot of differences between men and women on a variety of different dimensions. He believes this because when he thinks about books that have been written on men and women, he can recall only books that say men and women are different (e.g., Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus) and cannot recall any that say men and women are the same. His reliance on what comes to mind is an example of which of the following? a. The availability heuristic b. Cherry-picking of evidence c. Confirmatory hypothesis testing d. Overconfidence REF: The Research vs. Your Intuition: Intuition Is Biased by Faulty Thinking 11. Sasha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following? a. Cherry-picking of evidence b. Availability heuristic c. Fourth cell reasoning d. Overconfidence REF: The Research vs. Your Intuition: Intuition Is Biased By Motivation 12. Psychological scientists may choose to publish their work in all of the following EXCEPT: a. Edited books b. Popular magazines c. Scientific journals d. Full-length books REF: Finding and Reading the Research: Consulting Scientific Sources 13. Which of the following is true of the distinction between scientific journals and popular magazines? a. Scientific journals are published quarterly; popular magazines are published monthly. b. Scientific journals are published on specific topics; popular magazines are not published on specific topics like psychology. c. Scientific journal articles are peer-reviewed; popular magazine articles are not. d. There are no differences between scientific journals and popular magazines. REF: Finding and Reading the Research: Consulting Scientific Sources 14. Compared with doing a generic Internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources? a. It is free. b. It searches only sources in psychology and related fields. c. It can be done on any computer.d. It searches research scientists’ websites. REF: Finding and Reading the Research: Finding Scientific Sources 15. Matthew is reading an empirical journal article and wants to know whether the authors used the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) or the NEO-PI to measure extraversion. In which section would he find this information? a. Introduction b. Method c. Results d. Discussion REF: Finding and Reading the Research: Reading the Research 16. When reading an empirical journal article “with purpose,” why should you read the abstract first? a. Because it is the shortest section b. Because it provides an overview of the article c. Because it is written by the journal’s editor d. Because it appears in PsycINFO REF: Finding and Reading the Research: Reading the Research 17. Of the options listed below, which of the following is the last section of an empirical journal article? a. Method b. Results c. Discussion d. Introduction REF: Finding and Reading the Research: Reading the Research Chapter 3: 18. Which of the following is the difference between anecdotal claims and frequency claims? a. Anecdotal claims involve a single variable, but frequency claims involve two variables. b. Anecdotal claims are not based on scientific studies, but frequency claims are. c. Anecdotal claims are less interesting than frequency claims. d. Anecdotal claims appear in newspapers, but frequency claims appear in journals. 19. Dr. Ellison finds a relation between the amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association? a. Negative association b. Positive associationc. Zero association d. There is not enough information to answer this question REF: Three Claims: Association Claims 20. To evaluate how well a study supports a frequency claim; you need to focus on evaluating which of the following validities? a. Construct validity and external validity b. Statistical validity and external validity c. Internal validity and external validity d. Internal validity and construct validity REF: Interrogating the Three Claims Using the Four Big Validities: Interrogating 21. An independent variable is one that: a. Is manipulated b. Is measured c. Is kept constant d. Has one level REF: Interrogating the Three Claims Using the Four Big Validities: Interrogating Causal Claims 22. A dependent variable is one that: a. Is manipulated b. Is measured c. Is kept constant d. Has one level REF: Interrogating the Three Claims Using the Four Big Validities: Interrogating Causal Claims 23. Dr. Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students. Which of the following validities is he prioritizing? a. The statistical validity of the study b. The internal validity of the study c. The construct validity of the study d. The external validity of the study 24. Who is responsible for deciding which validity is prioritized in a study? a. The researcher b. The participants c. The peer reviewer d. The journalist 25. Which of the following validities is NOT examined in all research claims? a. Construct validity b. Statistical validity c. Internal validityd. External validity REF: Interrogating the Three Claims Using the Four Big Validities: Interrogating Causal Claim