BIOCHEMISTRY I MODULE OF THE MCAT
SELF PREP ECOURSE LESSON 1 AMINO
ACIDS AND PROTEINS PRO STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a (B) Translation
process known as:
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as translation.
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
Compare Polymers and Monomers. Polymers are made up of individual sub-units called monomers.
True or False? DNA, RNA, and protein are all linear True. The structure of DNA, RNA, and protein is similar in that they are all linear
polymers. polymers because each individual unit (or monomer) is attached to only one or
two other units, resulting in a long chain.
What monomers make up DNA? RNA? Protein? The monomers that make up DNA are known as deoxyribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up RNA are known as ribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up protein are known as amino acids.
What benefits does the linear polymer structure of DNA, The linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein helps to transfer and
RNA, and protein provide during transcription and preserve the encoding of information during transcription and translation.
translation?
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
How can one easily differentiate transcription and The word "script" refers to written forms. Transcription goes from one written form
translation using base words "script" and "translate"? (DNA) to another (RNA) using a common "alphabet" (aka nucleic acids).
Translation refers to the need to "translate" from one language to another. Here,
nucleic acids from one language (RNA) are translated into amino acids of another
language (protein).
, RNA is used as a template in the formation of cDNA (C) Reverse Transcription
through the process of:
(A) Reverse Replication
(B) Reverse Translation
(C) Reverse Transcription
(D) Reverse Integration
What is the function of reverse transcriptase? Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that carries out reverse transcription, in which
complementary DNA (cDNA) is generated from an RNA template.
What is most likely to occur if a patient with HIV is (B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
administered a medicinal drug that deactivates the
enzyme reverse transcriptase? Reverse transcriptase is used by HIV to reverse transcribe the retrovirus's RNA
into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host's DNA. Deactivating reverse
(A) The patient will die. transcriptase will halt this process, which is essential for propagating HIV's
(B) The patient's chances at survival will increase. lifecycle. This is an effective treatment against HIV!
(C) The patient's chances at survival will decrease, but
they will not die.
(D) The patient may go into a coma.
True or False? The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses True. The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated
(such as coronavirus) is translated immediately by host immediately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and
cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
retroviruses.
CRB Describe the differences in translation between (+)ssRNA viruses have their genome stored as RNA that can readily be translated
(+)ssRNA viruses (like the Coronavirus) and (-)ssRNA to form the proteins that they need.
viruses (like the influenza virus). (-)ssRNA Viruses, however, need to transcribe the (+) version of the RNA so it can
be readily translated by the host cell's machinery. These viruses need an extra step
of processing!
Which of the following are examples of non-coding RNA (D) I and III Only
(ncRNA)? Why are they called that?
Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are both examples of non-
I. tRNA coding RNA (ncRNA) because they are not translated into a protein themselves.
II. mRNA Instead, these biomolecules assist in the process of translation by helping
III. rRNA messenger RNA (mRNA) create proteins.
(A) I Only
(B) II Only
(C) I and II Only
(D) I and III Only
SELF PREP ECOURSE LESSON 1 AMINO
ACIDS AND PROTEINS PRO STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a (B) Translation
process known as:
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as translation.
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
Compare Polymers and Monomers. Polymers are made up of individual sub-units called monomers.
True or False? DNA, RNA, and protein are all linear True. The structure of DNA, RNA, and protein is similar in that they are all linear
polymers. polymers because each individual unit (or monomer) is attached to only one or
two other units, resulting in a long chain.
What monomers make up DNA? RNA? Protein? The monomers that make up DNA are known as deoxyribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up RNA are known as ribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up protein are known as amino acids.
What benefits does the linear polymer structure of DNA, The linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein helps to transfer and
RNA, and protein provide during transcription and preserve the encoding of information during transcription and translation.
translation?
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
How can one easily differentiate transcription and The word "script" refers to written forms. Transcription goes from one written form
translation using base words "script" and "translate"? (DNA) to another (RNA) using a common "alphabet" (aka nucleic acids).
Translation refers to the need to "translate" from one language to another. Here,
nucleic acids from one language (RNA) are translated into amino acids of another
language (protein).
, RNA is used as a template in the formation of cDNA (C) Reverse Transcription
through the process of:
(A) Reverse Replication
(B) Reverse Translation
(C) Reverse Transcription
(D) Reverse Integration
What is the function of reverse transcriptase? Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that carries out reverse transcription, in which
complementary DNA (cDNA) is generated from an RNA template.
What is most likely to occur if a patient with HIV is (B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
administered a medicinal drug that deactivates the
enzyme reverse transcriptase? Reverse transcriptase is used by HIV to reverse transcribe the retrovirus's RNA
into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host's DNA. Deactivating reverse
(A) The patient will die. transcriptase will halt this process, which is essential for propagating HIV's
(B) The patient's chances at survival will increase. lifecycle. This is an effective treatment against HIV!
(C) The patient's chances at survival will decrease, but
they will not die.
(D) The patient may go into a coma.
True or False? The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses True. The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated
(such as coronavirus) is translated immediately by host immediately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and
cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
retroviruses.
CRB Describe the differences in translation between (+)ssRNA viruses have their genome stored as RNA that can readily be translated
(+)ssRNA viruses (like the Coronavirus) and (-)ssRNA to form the proteins that they need.
viruses (like the influenza virus). (-)ssRNA Viruses, however, need to transcribe the (+) version of the RNA so it can
be readily translated by the host cell's machinery. These viruses need an extra step
of processing!
Which of the following are examples of non-coding RNA (D) I and III Only
(ncRNA)? Why are they called that?
Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are both examples of non-
I. tRNA coding RNA (ncRNA) because they are not translated into a protein themselves.
II. mRNA Instead, these biomolecules assist in the process of translation by helping
III. rRNA messenger RNA (mRNA) create proteins.
(A) I Only
(B) II Only
(C) I and II Only
(D) I and III Only
