HONDROS BIO 253 FINAL SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PACKAGE
◉ Referred pain.
Answer: the stimulation of pain receptors in deep structures may be
felt as pain in the skin that lies over the affected organ or in an area
of skin on the body surface far removed from the site of disease or
injury
◉ General senses.
Answer: somatic senses, microscopic receptors widely distributed
throughout the body
◉ special senses.
Answer: smell, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium are grouped
into localized areas or complex organs
◉ Thermoreceptors.
Answer: warm and cold receptor fibers
◉ Sense of touch.
, Answer: tactile (meissner) corpuscle- large hairless skin areas such
as nipples, fingertips and lips
Lamellar (pacini) corpuscles- found in deep dermis and joint
capsules
◉ external ear.
Answer: 2 divisions- auricle or pinna, external acoustic meatus
◉ Middle ear.
Answer: 3 auditory- ossicles, malleus (hammer), incus (anvil),
staples (stirrup)
◉ Inner ear.
Answer: Bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth, cochlea,
endolymph, perilymph
◉ Hair cells.
Answer: found in the organ of corti within the cochlear duct, they
are receptor cells for hearing
◉ Fibrous layer of the eye.
Answer: Sclera, cornea, scleral venous sinus
COMPLETE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PACKAGE
◉ Referred pain.
Answer: the stimulation of pain receptors in deep structures may be
felt as pain in the skin that lies over the affected organ or in an area
of skin on the body surface far removed from the site of disease or
injury
◉ General senses.
Answer: somatic senses, microscopic receptors widely distributed
throughout the body
◉ special senses.
Answer: smell, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium are grouped
into localized areas or complex organs
◉ Thermoreceptors.
Answer: warm and cold receptor fibers
◉ Sense of touch.
, Answer: tactile (meissner) corpuscle- large hairless skin areas such
as nipples, fingertips and lips
Lamellar (pacini) corpuscles- found in deep dermis and joint
capsules
◉ external ear.
Answer: 2 divisions- auricle or pinna, external acoustic meatus
◉ Middle ear.
Answer: 3 auditory- ossicles, malleus (hammer), incus (anvil),
staples (stirrup)
◉ Inner ear.
Answer: Bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth, cochlea,
endolymph, perilymph
◉ Hair cells.
Answer: found in the organ of corti within the cochlear duct, they
are receptor cells for hearing
◉ Fibrous layer of the eye.
Answer: Sclera, cornea, scleral venous sinus
