HONDROS BIO 253 STUDY GUIDE 2026
ACCURATE QUESTION SET AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Nervous system.
Answer: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs--control,
regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory
◉ Endocrine system.
Answer: pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids,
and other glands--control and regulation of other systems
◉ Cardiovascular system.
Answer: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries--exchange and transport of
materials
◉ Lymphatic system.
Answer: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils--
immunity, fluid balance
◉ Respiratory system.
,Answer: lungs, bronchial trees, trachea, larynx, nasal cavity--gas
exchange, acid-base balance
◉ Digestive system.
Answer: stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver,
mouth, pancreas--breakdown and absorption of nutrients,
elimination of waste
◉ Urinary system.
Answer: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra--excretion of waste, fluid
and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance
◉ Reproductive system.
Answer: Male-testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis
Female-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts
Reproduction, continuity of genetic information, nurturing of
offspring
◉ Anatomical position.
Answer: body is erect, posture, with the arms at the sides and palms
turned forward, head and feet are forward.
◉ Bilateral symmetry.
, Answer: right and left sides of the body are mirror images of right
and left halves
◉ ipsilateral.
Answer: same side of the body
◉ contralateral.
Answer: opposite side of the body
◉ Two major ventral body cavities.
Answer: thoracic cavity (chest cavity)--mid-portion, mediastinum,
on the left and right side of the mediastinum are the pleural cavities
which contain the lungs.
abdominopelvic cavity--upper portion, the abdominal cavity, lower
portion, pelvic cavity
◉ mediastinum.
Answer: contains the heart, trachea, right and left bronchi,
esophagus, thymus, various blood vessels (thoracic aorta, superior
vena cava), the thoracic duct and other lymphatic vessels, various
lymph nodes and nerves (ie-phrenic and vagus nerves).
◉ parietal layer.
ACCURATE QUESTION SET AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Nervous system.
Answer: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs--control,
regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory
◉ Endocrine system.
Answer: pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids,
and other glands--control and regulation of other systems
◉ Cardiovascular system.
Answer: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries--exchange and transport of
materials
◉ Lymphatic system.
Answer: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils--
immunity, fluid balance
◉ Respiratory system.
,Answer: lungs, bronchial trees, trachea, larynx, nasal cavity--gas
exchange, acid-base balance
◉ Digestive system.
Answer: stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver,
mouth, pancreas--breakdown and absorption of nutrients,
elimination of waste
◉ Urinary system.
Answer: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra--excretion of waste, fluid
and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance
◉ Reproductive system.
Answer: Male-testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis
Female-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts
Reproduction, continuity of genetic information, nurturing of
offspring
◉ Anatomical position.
Answer: body is erect, posture, with the arms at the sides and palms
turned forward, head and feet are forward.
◉ Bilateral symmetry.
, Answer: right and left sides of the body are mirror images of right
and left halves
◉ ipsilateral.
Answer: same side of the body
◉ contralateral.
Answer: opposite side of the body
◉ Two major ventral body cavities.
Answer: thoracic cavity (chest cavity)--mid-portion, mediastinum,
on the left and right side of the mediastinum are the pleural cavities
which contain the lungs.
abdominopelvic cavity--upper portion, the abdominal cavity, lower
portion, pelvic cavity
◉ mediastinum.
Answer: contains the heart, trachea, right and left bronchi,
esophagus, thymus, various blood vessels (thoracic aorta, superior
vena cava), the thoracic duct and other lymphatic vessels, various
lymph nodes and nerves (ie-phrenic and vagus nerves).
◉ parietal layer.
