PSYC 2070 Final Exam Knapp UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT Answers
moral development the changes in people's sense of justice and of what is right and wrong
prosocial behavior socially desirable behavior that benefits others
abstract modeling the process in which modeling paves the way for the development of more
general rules and principles
empathy the understanding of other people's feelings & being able to share those
emotions with them
, Who suggested that people pass through a series of Kohlberg
stages in the development of moral reasoning & their
sense of justice?
pre-conventional morality (Kohlberg) concrete interests of the individual are considered in terms of rewards or
punishments
conventional morality (Kohlberg) people approach problems in terms of their own position (obey laws and rules)
post-conventional morality (Kohlberg) people use moral principles that are seen as broader than those of a particular
society (relatively rare)
How well is moral reasoning correlated with moral -may differ in diverse cultures
behavior? -Kohlberg's theory was based largely on data from males
Who suggested that the way boys and girls are raised Gilligan
leads to differences in moral reasoning?
How do boys view morality? in terms of justice and fairness
How do girls view morality? responsibility toward individuals & willingness to sacrifice themselves to help
people in their particular relationships
orientation toward individual survival (Gilligan) Stage 1- initial concentration is on what is practical and best for self; gradual
transition from selfishness to responsibility to others
goodness as self-sacrifice (Gilligan) Stage 2- begin to think that they must sacrifice their own wishes for what others
want
morality of nonviolence (Gilligan) Stage 3- the understanding that hurting anyone is immoral--even oneself (most
sophisticated)
Why is there a disconnect between moral reasoning & -researchers assume moral reasoning lies at the heart of moral behavior
moral behavior? -in the real world, there are circumstances that override our moral compass
-moral judgments are made in a variety of contexts & there is typically an
overgeneralization of domains & situations
social domain approach the concept that moral reasoning needs to be considered in the context in
which judgments are being made at a given time
moral domains contexts that focus on concerns about justice
social-conventional domains contexts involving the need for social groups to function well
personal domains contexts involving matters of personal choice
self-serving behaviors done to gain something
altruistic behaviors done to help others and requiring clear self-sacrifice
People who show more sophisticated levels of prosocial reasoning
__________are generally more sympathetic.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT Answers
moral development the changes in people's sense of justice and of what is right and wrong
prosocial behavior socially desirable behavior that benefits others
abstract modeling the process in which modeling paves the way for the development of more
general rules and principles
empathy the understanding of other people's feelings & being able to share those
emotions with them
, Who suggested that people pass through a series of Kohlberg
stages in the development of moral reasoning & their
sense of justice?
pre-conventional morality (Kohlberg) concrete interests of the individual are considered in terms of rewards or
punishments
conventional morality (Kohlberg) people approach problems in terms of their own position (obey laws and rules)
post-conventional morality (Kohlberg) people use moral principles that are seen as broader than those of a particular
society (relatively rare)
How well is moral reasoning correlated with moral -may differ in diverse cultures
behavior? -Kohlberg's theory was based largely on data from males
Who suggested that the way boys and girls are raised Gilligan
leads to differences in moral reasoning?
How do boys view morality? in terms of justice and fairness
How do girls view morality? responsibility toward individuals & willingness to sacrifice themselves to help
people in their particular relationships
orientation toward individual survival (Gilligan) Stage 1- initial concentration is on what is practical and best for self; gradual
transition from selfishness to responsibility to others
goodness as self-sacrifice (Gilligan) Stage 2- begin to think that they must sacrifice their own wishes for what others
want
morality of nonviolence (Gilligan) Stage 3- the understanding that hurting anyone is immoral--even oneself (most
sophisticated)
Why is there a disconnect between moral reasoning & -researchers assume moral reasoning lies at the heart of moral behavior
moral behavior? -in the real world, there are circumstances that override our moral compass
-moral judgments are made in a variety of contexts & there is typically an
overgeneralization of domains & situations
social domain approach the concept that moral reasoning needs to be considered in the context in
which judgments are being made at a given time
moral domains contexts that focus on concerns about justice
social-conventional domains contexts involving the need for social groups to function well
personal domains contexts involving matters of personal choice
self-serving behaviors done to gain something
altruistic behaviors done to help others and requiring clear self-sacrifice
People who show more sophisticated levels of prosocial reasoning
__________are generally more sympathetic.
