UAMS Molecular Diagnostics Final Exam Review UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT Answers
What are the applications of molecular testing? Infectious diseases
Genetic diseases Oncology (cancer)
Histocompatibility testing (HLA)
Human Identity Testing (DNA fingerprinting)
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: Discovered the basic levels of inheritance
Mendel
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: discovered DNA in 1869
Miescher
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: proved transformation. genetic material from one cell can be transferred into
Griffith another cell
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: proved that DNA is the hereditary material
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: A=T, G=C
Chargaff
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: X-ray diffraction studies
Franklin and Wilkins
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: discovered double helix
Watson and Crick
, Characteristics of DNA Nitrogen Bases: A G T C
Pentose Sugar: Deoxyribose
Location: Nucleus
Stability: Stable
Double Stranded
Helical Shape: Double helix
Function: Stores genetic information
Characteristics of RNA Nitrogen Bases: A G U C
Pentose Sugar: Ribose
Location: Cytoplasm
Stability: not stable
Single Stranded
Helical Shape: Single stranded
Function: Translate DNA into proteins
What does mRNA do? carries the information in DNA to ribosomes
What does rRNA do? part of ribosomal machinery used to make protein
What does tRNA do? It transfers amino acids to a growing protein chain on the ribosome.
Nitrogenous Bases: Purines: Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Purines: single ring
Pyrimidines: double ring
How many hydrogen bonds are between A and T? 2
How many hydrogen bonds are between G and C? 3
DNA/RNA sequences are ALWAYS read in what 5' to 3'
manner?
Define helicase Unzips the DNA and separates the 2 strands
Define Single strand binding proteins (SSBs) stabilizes the strands preventing annealing
Define Topoisomerase prevents supercoiling
Define primase creates RNA primers required to start replica8on
Define DNA polymerase III binds at primer & builds from there
Define RNAse H (DNA polymerase I) removes primer (important on lagging strand especially)
Define DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
Define Okazaki fragments intermediate products of DNA synthesis on the lagging strand;
smallDNA fragments
What is a restriction enzyme? An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT Answers
What are the applications of molecular testing? Infectious diseases
Genetic diseases Oncology (cancer)
Histocompatibility testing (HLA)
Human Identity Testing (DNA fingerprinting)
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: Discovered the basic levels of inheritance
Mendel
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: discovered DNA in 1869
Miescher
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: proved transformation. genetic material from one cell can be transferred into
Griffith another cell
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: proved that DNA is the hereditary material
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: A=T, G=C
Chargaff
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: X-ray diffraction studies
Franklin and Wilkins
Briefly describe the scientific accomplishments of: discovered double helix
Watson and Crick
, Characteristics of DNA Nitrogen Bases: A G T C
Pentose Sugar: Deoxyribose
Location: Nucleus
Stability: Stable
Double Stranded
Helical Shape: Double helix
Function: Stores genetic information
Characteristics of RNA Nitrogen Bases: A G U C
Pentose Sugar: Ribose
Location: Cytoplasm
Stability: not stable
Single Stranded
Helical Shape: Single stranded
Function: Translate DNA into proteins
What does mRNA do? carries the information in DNA to ribosomes
What does rRNA do? part of ribosomal machinery used to make protein
What does tRNA do? It transfers amino acids to a growing protein chain on the ribosome.
Nitrogenous Bases: Purines: Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Purines: single ring
Pyrimidines: double ring
How many hydrogen bonds are between A and T? 2
How many hydrogen bonds are between G and C? 3
DNA/RNA sequences are ALWAYS read in what 5' to 3'
manner?
Define helicase Unzips the DNA and separates the 2 strands
Define Single strand binding proteins (SSBs) stabilizes the strands preventing annealing
Define Topoisomerase prevents supercoiling
Define primase creates RNA primers required to start replica8on
Define DNA polymerase III binds at primer & builds from there
Define RNAse H (DNA polymerase I) removes primer (important on lagging strand especially)
Define DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
Define Okazaki fragments intermediate products of DNA synthesis on the lagging strand;
smallDNA fragments
What is a restriction enzyme? An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
