N521 Week 4 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER How your body tries to keep your internal
systems balanced and working.
What mechanism does your body use to counteract changes in homeostasis? -
ANSWER Negative feedback
What are examples of negative feedback in the body? - ANSWER Blood
pressure, Oxygen levels, Body temperature
What mechanism does your body use to strengthen a response until it isn't
needed anymore? - ANSWER Positive feedback
What are examples of positive feedback in the body? - ANSWER Blood clotting,
Immune responses, Inflammation
What does every disease that affects your body involve? - ANSWER A disruption
of homeostasis
What is involved in the physiological adaptation of Learning and Memory? -
ANSWER Synaptic plasticity, CREB activation, and epigenetic remodeling of
neurons.
How does Muscle Anabolism occur in response to exercise? - ANSWER Exercise
induces hypertrophy via Myc, mTOR signaling, and epigenetic regulation.
What happens during Adaptive Immunity? - ANSWER B and T cells undergo
clonal expansion, DNA recombination, and epigenetic changes for memory.
What is involved in Metabolic Adaptation? - ANSWER Mitochondrial biogenesis
and shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, depending on
energy needs.
What are the key features of Cancer as a maladaptation? - ANSWER
Dysregulated transcription factors (Myc, Fos), epigenetic silencing of tumor
suppressors, and metabolic rewiring (Warburg effect).
, What occurs in Cardiovascular Remodeling due to chronic stress? - ANSWER
Hypertrophy, fibrosis, and maladaptive gene expression.
What characterizes Autoimmunity as a maladaptation? - ANSWER Epigenetic
and transcriptional dysregulation of immune tolerance leading to inappropriate
immune activation.
What is a feature of Type 2 Diabetes in terms of maladaptation? - ANSWER
Impaired metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and maladaptive
insulin signaling.
What role does Adaptive Transcription play in physiological adaptation? -
ANSWER Drives gene expression in response to stimuli like exercise, learning,
and immune activation.
What can overactivation of Adaptive Transcription lead to? - ANSWER
Oncogenesis or pathological remodeling.
What is the function of Epigenetic Remodeling in adaptation? - ANSWER
Stabilizes adaptive changes like memory and immunity.
What can aberrant epigenetic remodeling lead to? - ANSWER Cancer,
autoimmunity, and metabolic disease.
What does Metabolic Plasticity adjust? - ANSWER Energy metabolism to meet
demands.
What maladaptations can result from Metabolic Plasticity issues? - ANSWER
Insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer metabolism.
What leads to cellular stress response mediators? - ANSWER Stressors
What is a type of stressor that causes unfolded protein accumulation? -
ANSWER ER stress
What type of stressor is characterized by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?
- ANSWER Oxidative stress
What stressor is defined by oxygen deprivation? - ANSWER Hypoxia
What type of DNA damage involves double-strand breaks? - ANSWER DSBs
What type of stressor involves nutrient deprivation or excess? - ANSWER
Nutrient stress
What stressor is caused by elevated temperature? - ANSWER Heat shock
Correct Answers
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER How your body tries to keep your internal
systems balanced and working.
What mechanism does your body use to counteract changes in homeostasis? -
ANSWER Negative feedback
What are examples of negative feedback in the body? - ANSWER Blood
pressure, Oxygen levels, Body temperature
What mechanism does your body use to strengthen a response until it isn't
needed anymore? - ANSWER Positive feedback
What are examples of positive feedback in the body? - ANSWER Blood clotting,
Immune responses, Inflammation
What does every disease that affects your body involve? - ANSWER A disruption
of homeostasis
What is involved in the physiological adaptation of Learning and Memory? -
ANSWER Synaptic plasticity, CREB activation, and epigenetic remodeling of
neurons.
How does Muscle Anabolism occur in response to exercise? - ANSWER Exercise
induces hypertrophy via Myc, mTOR signaling, and epigenetic regulation.
What happens during Adaptive Immunity? - ANSWER B and T cells undergo
clonal expansion, DNA recombination, and epigenetic changes for memory.
What is involved in Metabolic Adaptation? - ANSWER Mitochondrial biogenesis
and shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, depending on
energy needs.
What are the key features of Cancer as a maladaptation? - ANSWER
Dysregulated transcription factors (Myc, Fos), epigenetic silencing of tumor
suppressors, and metabolic rewiring (Warburg effect).
, What occurs in Cardiovascular Remodeling due to chronic stress? - ANSWER
Hypertrophy, fibrosis, and maladaptive gene expression.
What characterizes Autoimmunity as a maladaptation? - ANSWER Epigenetic
and transcriptional dysregulation of immune tolerance leading to inappropriate
immune activation.
What is a feature of Type 2 Diabetes in terms of maladaptation? - ANSWER
Impaired metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and maladaptive
insulin signaling.
What role does Adaptive Transcription play in physiological adaptation? -
ANSWER Drives gene expression in response to stimuli like exercise, learning,
and immune activation.
What can overactivation of Adaptive Transcription lead to? - ANSWER
Oncogenesis or pathological remodeling.
What is the function of Epigenetic Remodeling in adaptation? - ANSWER
Stabilizes adaptive changes like memory and immunity.
What can aberrant epigenetic remodeling lead to? - ANSWER Cancer,
autoimmunity, and metabolic disease.
What does Metabolic Plasticity adjust? - ANSWER Energy metabolism to meet
demands.
What maladaptations can result from Metabolic Plasticity issues? - ANSWER
Insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer metabolism.
What leads to cellular stress response mediators? - ANSWER Stressors
What is a type of stressor that causes unfolded protein accumulation? -
ANSWER ER stress
What type of stressor is characterized by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?
- ANSWER Oxidative stress
What stressor is defined by oxygen deprivation? - ANSWER Hypoxia
What type of DNA damage involves double-strand breaks? - ANSWER DSBs
What type of stressor involves nutrient deprivation or excess? - ANSWER
Nutrient stress
What stressor is caused by elevated temperature? - ANSWER Heat shock
