MICROBIOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS A CLINICAL
APPROACH 4 EXAM REVIEW 2026
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION BUNDLE TESTED
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ This is an antimicrobial substance with skin that is found. It is has
low pH, breakdown of lipids-toxic.
Answer: Sebum
◉ This is an antimicrobial substance with skin that is found. It is has
low pH, lysozyme, and high salt
Answer: Sweat
◉ These are found in epithelial cells
Answer: Antimicrobial peptides
◉ These are positively charged _______ that act by disrupting the
negatively charged membranes of bacteria.
Answer: Antimicrobial peptides and peptides
◉ What are the 6 defenses of the skin?
,Answer: 1. Keratinized surface, 2. sloughing, 3. low pH, 4. High Salt,
5. Lysozome, 6. antimicrobial peptides
◉ What are the 6 normal biota of the skin?
Answer: Streptoccus, Staphlococcus, Corynebacterium,
Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus
◉ What substance produced by the skin is metabolized by normal
microbiota, producing toxic byproducts that inhibit growth of
potential pathogens?
Answer: Sebum
◉ What disease is this? Common cause of skin leisons in non-
hospitalized settings, strains are resistant to multiple antibiotics,
Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive coccus that grows in clusters),
highly virulent but is also considered normal biota of the skin in 1/3
population, withstands 7.5-10 percent salt, extremes in pH, and high
temps, remains viable after air drying, resist the effects of many
disinfectants and antibiotics
Answer: MRSA
◉ What disease has these symptoms? 1. raised, red, tender, and
localized lesions. Features pus and feels hot to the touch, occur
easily in breaks in the skin and may localize around a hair follicle,
fever may be present
,Answer: MRSA
◉ What disease is this? Contaminant of all kinds of surfaces (gym
equipment, airplane tray tables, electronic devices, razors),
individuals with this infection should keep them covered to avoid
transmission
Answer: MRSA
◉ This disease uses coagulase as a diagnostic species and produces
hyaluronidase, staphlokinase, DNase, and Lipase.
Answer: MRSA
◉ This disease is cultured and diagnosed by: PCR, isolation on blood
agar or mannitol salt gar, catalse distingishes S. aureus from other
staphylococcal species and coagulase test
Answer: MRSA
◉ This disease is prevented and treated by good hygiene, treatment
through incision of lesion and drainage of pus, and antimicrobial
treatment should include more than one antibiotic (Clindamycin +
TMP/SMZ and Doxycycline)
Answer: MRSA
, ◉ This disease is most common in children and young to middle
aged adults
Answer: MRSA
◉ -Superficial bacterial infection that causes the skin to flake or peel
-Can be caused by either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus
pyogenes, or may be caused by a combination of the two:
•S. pyogenes begins all cases of the disease, but later S. aureus takes
over and produces a bacteriocin that destroys S. pyogenes.
Answer: Impetigo
◉ This disease has the following signs and symptoms: •Signs and
Symptoms:
-Lesion: peeling skin, crusty and flaky scabs, or honey-colored crusts
-Lesions found most around the mouth, face, and extremities
Answer: Impetigo
◉ Impetigo is caused by this bacteria: -Exfoliative toxins A and B
cause characteristic blistering and facilitate the spread of the
bacterium.
Answer: Staphlyococcus aureus
◉ Impetigo is caused by this bacteria: -Gram-positive coccus, beta
hemolytic on blood agar
APPROACH 4 EXAM REVIEW 2026
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION BUNDLE TESTED
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ This is an antimicrobial substance with skin that is found. It is has
low pH, breakdown of lipids-toxic.
Answer: Sebum
◉ This is an antimicrobial substance with skin that is found. It is has
low pH, lysozyme, and high salt
Answer: Sweat
◉ These are found in epithelial cells
Answer: Antimicrobial peptides
◉ These are positively charged _______ that act by disrupting the
negatively charged membranes of bacteria.
Answer: Antimicrobial peptides and peptides
◉ What are the 6 defenses of the skin?
,Answer: 1. Keratinized surface, 2. sloughing, 3. low pH, 4. High Salt,
5. Lysozome, 6. antimicrobial peptides
◉ What are the 6 normal biota of the skin?
Answer: Streptoccus, Staphlococcus, Corynebacterium,
Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus
◉ What substance produced by the skin is metabolized by normal
microbiota, producing toxic byproducts that inhibit growth of
potential pathogens?
Answer: Sebum
◉ What disease is this? Common cause of skin leisons in non-
hospitalized settings, strains are resistant to multiple antibiotics,
Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive coccus that grows in clusters),
highly virulent but is also considered normal biota of the skin in 1/3
population, withstands 7.5-10 percent salt, extremes in pH, and high
temps, remains viable after air drying, resist the effects of many
disinfectants and antibiotics
Answer: MRSA
◉ What disease has these symptoms? 1. raised, red, tender, and
localized lesions. Features pus and feels hot to the touch, occur
easily in breaks in the skin and may localize around a hair follicle,
fever may be present
,Answer: MRSA
◉ What disease is this? Contaminant of all kinds of surfaces (gym
equipment, airplane tray tables, electronic devices, razors),
individuals with this infection should keep them covered to avoid
transmission
Answer: MRSA
◉ This disease uses coagulase as a diagnostic species and produces
hyaluronidase, staphlokinase, DNase, and Lipase.
Answer: MRSA
◉ This disease is cultured and diagnosed by: PCR, isolation on blood
agar or mannitol salt gar, catalse distingishes S. aureus from other
staphylococcal species and coagulase test
Answer: MRSA
◉ This disease is prevented and treated by good hygiene, treatment
through incision of lesion and drainage of pus, and antimicrobial
treatment should include more than one antibiotic (Clindamycin +
TMP/SMZ and Doxycycline)
Answer: MRSA
, ◉ This disease is most common in children and young to middle
aged adults
Answer: MRSA
◉ -Superficial bacterial infection that causes the skin to flake or peel
-Can be caused by either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus
pyogenes, or may be caused by a combination of the two:
•S. pyogenes begins all cases of the disease, but later S. aureus takes
over and produces a bacteriocin that destroys S. pyogenes.
Answer: Impetigo
◉ This disease has the following signs and symptoms: •Signs and
Symptoms:
-Lesion: peeling skin, crusty and flaky scabs, or honey-colored crusts
-Lesions found most around the mouth, face, and extremities
Answer: Impetigo
◉ Impetigo is caused by this bacteria: -Exfoliative toxins A and B
cause characteristic blistering and facilitate the spread of the
bacterium.
Answer: Staphlyococcus aureus
◉ Impetigo is caused by this bacteria: -Gram-positive coccus, beta
hemolytic on blood agar
